801 


UC-NRLF 


C    5    ^75    bS3 


•«>*>* 


u 


DESCRIPTION 


or  SOUK 


NEW    FOSSIL    SHELLS, 


FROM   THE 


TERTIARY   OF    PETERSBURG,   VA. 


Read  before  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  May  29,  1813, 

!*,  .'          '  • 
BY 

HENRY    C.   LEA. 


PHILADELPHIA: 

PRINTED    FOR    THE    AUTHOR. 


MATTHEW  UMAftY 


•       •  •    »  .      • 

•«••*..      ' 

•  •      '   •.    •   •     * 

*     •        •          •   %• 


ARTICLE    IX. 

Description  of  some  new  Fossil  Shells,  from  the  Tertiary  of  Petersburg,  Virginia.    By 
Henry  C.  Lea,  Philadelphia.     Read  May  29,  1843. 

IN  the  United  States,  the  various  Supercretaceous,  or  Tertiary,  formations,  are  widely 
extended  and  beautifully  developed.  They  have  been  traced  from  the  St.  Lawrence  to 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  from  the  Atlantic  far  into  the  western  territory.  For  the  sake 
of  convenience,  geologists  have  divided  them  into  two  groups,  according  to  their  geogra- 
phical position,  namely,  the  Atlantic  and  the  Western  Tertiary.  Of  the  latter  it  is  not, 
at  present,  my  intention  to  speak,  —  but  little,  comparatively,  is  known  of  it,  and  it 
presents  a  rich  field  to  any  enterprising  geologist  who  may  undertake  its  investigation. 

The  northern  extremity  of  the  Atlantic  Tertiary,  as  far  as  it  has  been  discovered,  is 
on  the  St.  Lawrence  and  around  Lake  Champlain.  From  thence  to  Maryland,  its 
course  may  be  traced  by  a  few  small  patches  in  New  Jersey,  and,  from  Maryland  to 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  it  exists  in  a  broad  sheet. 

It  is  to  be  expected  that,  extending  as  it  does  over  so  wide  a  space,  it  should  present 
very  different  characters  in  different  localities.  Accordingly,  we  find  that  much  confu- 
sion has  existed  in  its  classification.  Mr.  McClure,  the  first  who  attempted  to  syste- 
matize American  geology,  considered  it  all  as  alluvial,  but  subsequent  geologists  soon 
corrected  this  error.  Mr.  Conrad,  in  the  first  number  of  his  "  Fossil  Shells  of  the 
Tertiary  of  North  America,"  divided  it  into  the  Upper  Marine,  Middle  Tertiary,  and 
Lower  Tertiary.  In  this  arrangement,  the  Upper  Marine  corresponds  very  nearly  with 
Mr.  Lyell's  Pliocene,  the  Middle  Tertiary  comprises  the  Miocene  and  Eocene  of  the 
same  author,  and  the  Lower  Tertiary  consists  of  sand  and  gravel  containing  Lignite 
and  a  few  shells.  Mr.  Conrad  has,  more  recently,  adopted  the  classification  of  Lyell, 
which  is  perhaps  best,  as  the  beds  comprising  his  Lower  Tertiary  are  hardly  of  sufficient 
importance  to  constitute  a  separate  formation. 

The  latest,  and  probably,  most  correct  views  upon  this  subject  are,  however,  those 
which  Mr.  Conrad  advances  in  the  second  number  of  the  Bulletin  of  the  National 
Institution.  He  there  supposes  that  we  possess  the  Eocene,  Miocene,  and  Post-Plio- 
cene, as  nearly  as  the  parallel  can  be  drawn  between  our  strata  and  those  of  Europe. 
Several  links  of  the  chain,  however,  appear  to  be  wanting,  as  but  one  or  two  species 
are  common  to  the  Eocene  and  Miocene,  and  only  recent  shells  have  been  found  exist- 
ing in  both  the  Miocene  and  Post-Pliocene.  The  Eocene  does  not  possess  a  single 


NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 


species  at  present  existing;  in  the  Miocene  the  proportion  is  small;  \vhile,  in  the  Post- 
Pliocene  all  are  recent.  According  to  Mr.  Conrad,  the  per  centage  of  still  existing 
shells  in  the  Miocene  is  about  seventeen,  but  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  it  will  prove, 
on  further  in vestigajioji,  to:  be  smaller.  It,  however,  cannot  be  relied  on  as  a  certain 
criterion,  bemg  exttiefeiefy-variable  in  different  localities.  Petersburg,  Virginia,  may  be 
taken  a,ai  an.-dflStjaiJCfejofciie  extreme:  the  following  is  a  list  of  the  fossils  which  have 
been  fou'nd'tMreJ 'exclusive  of  those  herein  described. 


Dentaliuin  thallus,  .     . 
"         atlenuatura, . 
Serpula  granifera, 
Balanus  sp.  ? 
Pholas  ovalis, 
Panopaea  reflexa,     .     , 
Mactra  congesta,      .     , 
Crassatella  undulata, 

"          melina,  .     , 
Corbula  cuneata, .     . 

"  inaequalis,  .  , 
Tcllina  aequistriata, .  . 
Lucina  speciosa,  .  . 

"       contracta,     .     , 

"       edentula, 

"  divaricata,  .  , 
Astarte  undulata, 

"       arata,       .     . 

"       concentrica, 
Clathrodon  Grayi,  .     , 
Cytherea  reposta,    . 

"          convexa,  . 
Artemis  acetabulum, 


Con. 

Con. 

Say. 

"      dillbrmis, 

Say. 

" 

Cardium  sub-lineatum,  .     . 

Con. 

"         laqueatura, 

« 

Say. 

Cardita  granulata,    .     .     . 

Say. 

M 

Cypricardia  arata,    .     .     . 

M 

Con. 

Area  centenaria,. 

U 

Say. 

„ 

Con. 

"      incile,  

„ 

Say. 

Pectunculus  subovatus,  .     . 

H 

4( 

"          quinquerugatus, 

Con. 

H 

"          pulvinatus,*    . 

Lamk. 

H 

Nucula  la?vis  

Say. 

„ 

"       obliqua,  .... 

" 

Lamk. 

Chama  congregata,  .     .     . 

Con. 

Say. 

"       corticosa,     .     .     . 

u, 

Con. 

Pecten  eboreus  

" 

« 

"      Madisonius,       .     . 

Say. 

14 

Plicatula  marginata, 

u 

,1 

H 

Say. 

Ostrea  Virginiana?  var.    . 

Gmel. 

Con. 

Capulus  lugubris, 

Con. 

Fissurella  redimicula,    .  Say. 
Crepidula  fornicata, .     .        " 

"         costata,    .     .  Morton. 

Dispotpca  ramosa,    .     .  Con. 

Natica  dnplieata,      .     .  Say. 

"       heros?     ...        " 

Acteon  Wetherilli,    .     .  Lea. 
Rotella  nana,       ...        " 

Trochus  philanthropus,  Con. 
Turritella  variabilis,      .        " 

"         indenta,  .     .        " 

"         plebeia,    .     .  Say. 

Pleurotoma  pyrenoides,  Con. 
Fasciolaria  mutabilis,    .        " 

Pyrula  cariCa,     .     .     .  Say. 

"       canaliculata,      .        " 
Fusus  cinereus,  ...        " 

"     exilis, ....  Con. 

Murex  quadricoetatus,   .  Say. 

Buccinum  laqueatura,    .  Con. 

"          porcinum,    .        " 
Marginella  perpusilla,   .        " 

"          limatula,      .        " 


We  have  here  sixty-eight  species,  in  addition  to  one  hundred  and  five  which  I  shall 
describe  in  this  paper,  and  which  I  consider  as  hitherto  unknown,  or  in  all,  one  hundred 
and  seventy-three.  Now,  of  these,  but  nine  can  be  identified  with  existing  shells, 
namely,. 


Lucina  divaricata, 
Artemis  acetabulum, 
Ostrea  Virginiana? 


Crepidula  fornicata, 
Natica  heros? 
"•       duplicata, 


Pyrula  carica, 

"        canaliculata, 
Fusus  cinereus. 


and  of  these,  two  appear  to  me  doubtful,  namely,  Natica  heros,  and  Ostrea  Virginiana. 
Considering  them,  however,  as  the  recent  species,  this  gives  us  about  five  per  cent, 
of  still  existing  shells.  It  appears  almost  absurd  to  compare  this  with  the  Miocene 
of  Dax,  the  best  characterized  in  Europe,  which,  by  the  tables  of  Dr.  Grateloup,  con- 

*  In  the  first  number  of  the  "Fossil  Shells  of  the  Tertiary  of  North  America,"  Mr.  Conrad  has  described  and 
figured  a  shell  as  the  Feet,  pulvinatus,  Lam.  But,  after  comparing  it  with  a  number  of  specimens  of  that  species, 
and  with  Deshayes'  figures,  I  am  forced  to  consider  it  as  specifically  distinct.  I,  therefore,  propose  to  name  it 

P.    ELEPHANTOPUS. 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA.  5 

tains  between  thirty  and  forty  per  cent,  of  recent  shells.  Yet  the  Miocene  of  Peters- 
burg has  not  a  single  species  which  can  be  identified  with  any  of  the  Claiborne  Eocene 
fossils,  while  it  abounds  in  shells  which  are  found,  at  other  localities,  in  company  with 
more  than  twenty  per  cent,  of  recent  species.  These  few  facts  will  sufficiently  exem- 
plify the  fallacy  of  attempting  to  classify  our  Tertiary  by  the  rules  which  regulate  that 
of  Europe. 

It  may,  perhaps,  be  deemed  not  irrelevant  to  this  subject,  to  introduce  here  the  fol- 
lowing table  of  the  number  of  the  species  in  each  genus,  hitherto  described  from  the 
Tertiary  of  the  United  States.  Unfortunately  great  confusion  exists  in  their  synonymy, 
and  he  who  would  review  the  descriptions  of  them,  with  an  impartial  and  unsparing 
hand,  would  confer  a  great  benefit  on  all  interested  in  American  geology.  To  this  part 
of  the  subject,  I  have  not  pretended  to  pay  any  attention,  and  therefore  the  number  of 
species  is,  in  reality,  smaller  than  that  given  here,  many  of  them  being  repeated  under 
the  same  or  different  genera.  I,  however,  have  not  felt  inclined,  at  present,  to  undertake 
the  Augean  task  of  clearing  away  the  synonymes,  but  I  hope  that,  as  far  as  I  pretend 
to  go,  I  shall  be  found  correct;  that  is,  as  far  as  the  mere  numbers  are  concerned.* 


List  of  the  Fossil  Shells  found  in  the  Tertiary  Seels  of  the  United  States. 


Genera. 
Acteon,  . 
Aligena, 
Amphidesma, 
Anatina, 
Ancillaria, 
Anolax, 
Anomia,  . 
Area,  . 
Artemis,  . 
Astarte, 
Avicula,  . 

Balanus, 
Bissomya, 
Bonellia, 
Buccinum, 
Bulla, . 
Bullina,  . 

Calyptrea,  . 
Cancellaria, 
Capulus, 
Cardita,  . 
Cardium,    . 
Cassis,   . 


No.  of  species. 

Genera. 

.     23 

Cemoria, 

.    .       2 

Cerithium, 

.     12 

Chama,  . 

.    .       3 

Chiton, 

.       7 

Conus,    . 

.     .       2 

Corbis, 

1 

Corbula,  . 

.    .     14 

Crassatella,  . 

.       2 

Crepidula, 

.    .     20 

Cryptostoma, 

.       4 

Cucullaea, 

Cypraea, 

.    .       4 

Cumingia, 

1 

Cypricardia, 

.    .       2 

Cyrena,  . 

.     20 

Cytherea,   . 

.     .       5 

.        1 

Delphinula, 

Dentalium,  . 

.     .       4 

Diplodonta, 

.     17 

Dispotsea,    . 

.     .        1 

Donax,  . 

6 

.    .       7 

Egeria, 

.       1 

Emarginula, 

No.  of  species. 

Genera. 

1 

Erycina, 

.    .     10 

.       3 

Fasciolaria, 

.    .       1 

Fissurella,   . 

.       5 

Fistulana, 

.    .       3 

Fulgur, 

.     11 

Fusus,     . 

.    .       8 

Gastrochama, 

.     12 

Gnathodon, 

.     .       1 

Grateloupia, 

4 
.    .       1 

Gryphsa, 

.       1 

Hiatella,      . 

.    .       1 

Hippagus, 

.       1 

Hipponix,    . 

.    .    26 

Infundibulum, 

.     12 

Isocardia,     . 

.    .       5 

Lepton  ?  . 

1 

Lima,  . 

.    .       6 

Littorina, 

.       1 

Lucina, 

Lutraria,  . 

.    .     10 

1 

Mactra, 

No.  of  species. 
.    .       2 

5 

.    .       7 
1 

.     .       7 
.     51 

.  .  1 

.  3 

.  .  1 

.  1 

.    .       1 
.       1 


6 
2 

1 
2 
1 

27 
2 

18 


*  I  regret  that  I  have  not  been  able  to  obtain  the  names  of  the  species  figured  by  M.  Lesueur  from  the  Eocene 
of  Walnut  Hill,  Mississippi.  I  have  seen  the  plates,  but  I  do  not  know  whether  the  descriptions  were  ever  pub- 
lished. It  may  be  seen  that  I  have  included  in  this  catalogue  the  species  described  in  the  following  pages. 


NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 


Genera. 

No.  of  species. 

Genera. 

No.  of  species. 

Genera. 

No.  of  species. 

Marginella,      . 

.     16 

Patella,  . 

1 

Serpula,  . 

.       5 

Melongena, 

.       3 

Pecten,       .        . 

.    .     22 

Sigaretus,     . 

.     .       5 

Mitra, 

.    .     13 

Pectunculus,   .         . 

.     22 

Siliquaria, 

.       2 

Modiola, 

.       2 

Perna, 

.    .       2 

Solarium,     . 

.    .     18 

Monodonta, 

.    .       1 

Petaloconchus,         . 

.       1 

Solen, 

.       2 

Monoceros, 

.       5 

Petricola,    . 

.    .       3 

Solecurtis,    . 

.    .       2 

Monoptygma, 
Murex,  . 

.    .       2 
.       6 

Pholadomya,  . 
Pholas, 

.       2 
.    .       5 

Spirorbis,         . 
Stalagmium, 

.       1 

.    .       1 

Mya,  . 

.    .       3 

Placuna,  .        .         . 

.       1 

Strigilla,  . 

.       1 

Myoparo, 
Mysia, 
Mytilus,  . 

.       1 
.    .       2 
.       2 

Plagiostoma, 
Planaria, 
Pleurotoma, 

.    .       1 
.       1 
.    .     32 

Tellina, 
Terebra, 

Tprprln 

.    .       9 

.       8 

Nassa, 

.         .    .       5 

Plicatula, 
Proto,          .         • 

.       4 
.    .       1 

A  t  i  '  t  <  i  '  j          • 

Thracia,  . 

.       1 

Natica,   . 

.     23 

Psammobia,     . 

.       2 

Triton, 

.    .       1 

Nautilus,     . 

.    .       1 

Psammocola, 

.    .       2 

Trochus,  . 

.     16 

Nucula,  .         . 
Nummulites, 

.     31 
.    .       1 

Pyramidella,    .         . 
Pyrula, 

.       3 

.'  .       7 

Tuba,  . 
Turbinella, 
Turritella,    . 

.    .       3 
.       5 
.    .     20 

Oliva,    '. 

.     16 

Typhis,  . 

.       2 

Orbicula,     . 

.    .       1 

Ranella,  . 

1 

Orbis,     . 

.       1 

Rostellaria,  . 

.    .       4 

Venericardia, 

.    .       7 

Ostrea, 

.    .     18 

Kotella,  . 

.       5 

Venerupis, 

.       1 

Venus, 

.    .     11 

Pandora," 

.       2 

Saxicava,    . 

.    .       2 

Vermetus, 

.       1 

Panopxa,    . 

.    .       4 

Sanguinolaria,  . 

2 

Voluta, 

.    .     12 

Pasithea, 

.     21 

Scalaria, 

.     .     16 

Volvaria,  . 

.       1 

It  is  to  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Tuomey,  of  Petersburg,  that  I  owe  the  following  shells, 
as  well  as  those  in  the  list  a  few  pages  back.  Most  of  the  smaller  species  herein 
described,  I  met  with  by  carefully  examining  the  sand  scraped  from  the  cavities  of  larger 
shells,  as  well  as  a  small  portion  of  the  marl  of  the  vicinity,  with  which  Mr.  Tuomey  was 
kind  enough  to  favor  me.  I  mention  this  merely  to  show  the  importance  of  thoroughly 
searching  the  strata  of  the  various  localities  before  we  conclude  that  we  have  all  the 
species  existing  there.  Attracted  by  the  beauty  of  the  larger  shells,  conchologists  have 
very  much  neglected  the  more  minute  ones,  which  require  a  closer  examination,  and 
thus  our  knowledge  of  our  fossil  conchology  is  still  limited.  I  may  as  well  observe  here, 
that  I  found  the  species  met  with  in  the  sand  from  the  cavities  of  the  larger  shells,  in 
general,  different  from  those  in  the  loose  marl.  It  is  difficult  to  give  a  reason  for  this, 
unless  there  were  species  which  usually  inhabited  the  interior  of  dead  shells,  like  the 
recent  Valvata  tricarinata,  Say. 

In  looking  over  these  shells,  I  have  been  struck  with  the  general  resemblance  which 
obtains  between  them  and  those  of  a  corresponding  age  from  Dax.  This  is  peculiarly 
observable  in  the  genera  Acteon,  Pasithea,  &c.  which  are  very  numerous  in  both 
localities.  Their  connexion  is  so  close  that  in  some  cases  they  are  scarce  specifically 
distinct. 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA. 

FAMILY  SERPULID^E. 

GENUS    SERPULA. 
S.  CONVOLUTA,  PL.  34.  FIG.  1. 

S.  testa  in  spiram  discoiddem  contortd,  tenni,  plerumque  cancellatd,  apud  apicem  rcgulariter  valuta;  apertura  rotunda. 
Shell  twisted  into  a  discoidal  spire,  thin,  usually  cancellate,  regularly  whorled  near  the  apex;  mouth  round. 

Diam.  .10  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — This  shell  is  generally  twisted  into  a  regular  disc.  The  sculpture  is  very 
variable,  sometimes  seeming  like  longitudinal  moniliferous  costee,  and,  at  others,  regu- 
larly cancellate.  The  apex  is  singularly  formed,  being  smooth  and  perfectly  voluted, 
like  a  young  Turbo.  This  is,  I  suppose,  the  form  it  has  when  excluded  from  the  egg. 

S.  ANGUINA,  PL.  34.  FIG.  2. 

5,  testa  minima,  irrcgulariter  contortd,  striatd,  crassd;  striis  irregularibus  transversis;  apertura  rotunda. 
Shell  very  small,  irregularly  twisted,  striate,  thick;  striae  irregular,  transverse;  mouth  round. 

Diam.  .04  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — This  is  a  very  minute  species,  and  is,  I  believe,  the  only  one  of  our  fossil 
Serpulse  that  has  no  longitudinal  lines  on  the  surface.  This  character  will  readily  dis- 
tinguish it  from  others.  The  apex  has  the  same  voluted  character  as  the  last,  although 
not  as  well  developed. 

GENUS  PETALOCONCHUS,*  (Nosis.) 

Testa  tubularis,  solida,  irrcgulariter  contorta,  laminis  longitudinalibus  duabus  internis. 
Shell  tubular,  solid,  irregularly  twisted,  with  two  internal  longitudinal  plates. 

Remarks. — -The  singular  shell,  on  which  I  propose  to  found  the  above  genus,  differs 
from  all  the  known  tubular  shells  that  I  have  met  with,  in  the  two  internal  longitudinal 
plates.  It  may  possibly  belong  to  the  family  Scalaridse,  and,  if  so,  presents  a  link  be- 
tween them  and  the  Plicacidse. 

P.  SCULPTURATUS,  PL.  34.  FIG.  3. 

P.  testa  vel  contorta  vel  turritd,  crassd,  costulis  longitudinalibus  noduliferis;  laminis  internis  politis,  Icevibus,  ad  aper- 
turam  obsoletis;  apertura  rotundd. 

Shell  sometimes  twisted,  sometimes  turrited,  thick,  with  small  longitudinal  noduliferous  ribs;  internal  laminiE 
smooth,  polished,  obsolete  at  the  mouth;  mouth  round. 

Diam.  .20  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  longitudinal  costa?  are  generally  nodulous,  but  they  occasionally  seem 
rather  to  be  cancellated  by  transverse  sulci,  which,  in  other  specimens,  appear  to  usurp 
their  place.  The  two  internal  lamina?  are  placed  at  about  one-sixth  of  the  circumference 
apart.  They  are  generally  directed  towards  the  centre,  and  sometimes  nearly  meet.  In 
some  specimens  they  are  much  smaller  than  in  others.  They  rarely  or  never  seem  to 
be  continued  to  the  aperture. 

This  is  a  very  variable  shell,  both  as  to  the  sculpture  and  internal  plates.     I  at  first 

*  A  tt'fttojw,  lamina,  et  »vyx°s>  concha. 


8  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 

thought  that  there  were  two  or  three  distinct  species,  but  the  varieties  glide  impercepti- 
bly into  each  other.  It  appears  to  be  by  no  means  an  uncommon  shell  at  Petersburg. 

The  form  figured  is  a  very  usual  one.  I  have  but  few  specimens  which  do  not 
exhibit  a  decided  tendency  to  form  regular  revolutions,  and  in  some,  the  axis  is  so 
straight  that  a  pin  may  be  thrust  through  the  umbilicus  from  the  apex  to  the  base. 

The  second  figure  is  a  specimen  fractured  to  exhibit  the  appearance  of  the  laminae. 

V.  ^  FAMILY  TUBICOLID.E. 

GENUS   TEREDO. 
T.  CALAMUS,  PL.  34.  FIG.  4. 

T.  testa  incognita;  tubo  parvo,  rotunda,  tenui,  rugoso,  striis  irregularibus  trantversis. 
Shell  unknown;  tube  small,  round,  thin,  rugose,  with  irregular  transverse  strise- 

Diam.  .08  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — I  found  several  specimens  of  this  little  species  of  Teredo,  on  breaking  open 
a  mass  of  Madrepore  which  they  had  pierced.  It  differs  from  the  following  shell,  prin- 
cipally, in  being  much  smaller,  thinner,  and  more  rugose. 

T.  FISTULA,  PL.  34.  FIG.  5. 

T.  testa  incognita;  tubo  rotunda,  tereti,  crassissimo,  turn  recto  turn  curvato;  striis  irregularibus  transversis  raris. 
Shell  unknown;  tube  round,  terete,  very  thick,  sometimes  straight  and  sometimes  curved;  with  a  few  irregular 
transverse  strise. 

Diam.  .50  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  transverse  lines  of  growth  vary  exceedingly  both  in  size  and  direction. 
The  substance  of  the  shell  is  very  thick,  the  outer  diameter  being  frequently  .50,  while 
that  of  the  aperture  is  about  .28  of  an  inch.  I  have  them,  however,  even  thicker. 

GENUS    GASTROCH.ENA. 

G.  LIGULA,  PL.  34.  FlG.  6. 

G.  Uibo  incognito;  testa  transversd,  oblanceolatd,  valde  inaquilatcraii,  posiice'  rotundatd,  antice  actiminatd,  inflatd,  con- 
cenlrice  striatd;  striis  parvis,  irregularibus;  antice  hiatu  maxima,  valde  obliquo;  margine  basali  tortuoso;  margine  dorsali  recto; 
margine  antico  brevissimo;  natibus  sub-prominulis, 

Tube  unknown;  shell  transverse,  oblanceolate,  very  inequilateral,  rounded  posteriorly,  acuminate  anteriorly,  in- 
flated, concentrically  striate;  strise  small,  irregular;  anteriorly  gaping  widely  and  very  obliquely;  basal  margin  tor- 
tuose;  dorsal  margin  straight;  anterior  margin  very  short;  beaks  somewhat  prominent. 

Diam.  .15  of  an  inch.  Length  .28.  Breadth  .12. 

Remarks. — The  opening  at  the  anterior  extremity  commences  near  the  dorsal  margin, 
and  extends  to  about  the  middle  of  the  base.  The  beaks  are  placed  very  near  the  ante- 
rior end  of  the  shell.  As  in  most  Gastroch?ena3,  there  is  a  small  interior  cuneiform  pro- 
cess immediately  under  them. 

In  procuring  several  specimens  of  this  shell  from  a  piece  of  madrepore  which  they  had 
pierced,  I  unfortunately  broke  the  tubes,  and  am  therefore  unable  to  describe  them. 

This  species  is  not  unlike  the  G.  truncata,  Sowerby,  a  recent  shell  from  Panama,  but 
may  be  distinguished  by  its  smaller  size,  rounded  extremity,  and  longer  opening.  It  is, 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA. 

* 

I  believe,  the  first  species  of  the  genus  as  yet  discovered  in  a  fossil  state  in  this  country. 
Mr.  Conrad  mentions  having  found  the  Fistulana  elongata,  Lam.  at  Claiborne,  but,  upon 
comparison  with  M.  Deshayes'  figure  of  that  shell,  I  do  not  think  that  it  can  be  identical 
with  the  present  species.  It  is  larger,  more  twisted,  and  has  a  different  sculpture  on  the 
anterior  part. 

The  genus  Gastrochaana,  as  formed  by  Lamarck,  was  placed  among  the  Pholadidae, 
and  considered  to  have  no  tube.  M.  Deshayes,  however,  includes  it  in  the  genus  Fis- 
tulana, as  it  inhabits  a  tube  and  has  no  teeth.  Mr.  Sowerby,  again,  considers  as  Gas- 
trochasnse  those  species  which  have  a  bent  tube  and  an  oval  shell.  According  to  this 
arrangement,  the  present  species  would,  most  probably,  come  under  this  genus,  and  as 
such  I  have  placed  it. 

There  are  two  Gastrocheense  among  the  fossils  of  Great  Britain,  one  from  the  Oolite, 
the  other  from  the  London  Clay.  Deshayes  describes  five  from  the  Paris  Basin. 

FAMILY   PHOLADID.E. 

GENUS   PHOLAS. 

P.    RHOMBOIDEA,    PL.  34.    FlG.  7. 

P.  testa  transverse!,  oblique  rhomboidea.  valdl  incequilatcrali,  postice  rotundato-angulatti,  antice  rostratd,  injlatii,  tenui, 
media  divisd  lined  impressdj  area  posticri  striis  lavibus  conccntricis;  area  anticd  striis  acutis  flcxuosis  concentricis;  margine 
basali  curto;  margine  dorsali  recto,  volde  rcflexo;  palmuld  parvu,  reeurva,  tenui:  lineis  internis  duabus  clevatis  loneitudi- 
nalibus. 

iSholl  transverse,  obliquely  rhomboidal,  very  inequilateral,  rounded-angular  posteriorly,  rostrate  anteriorly,  inflated, 
thin,  divided  in  the  middle  by  an  impressed  line;  posterior  area  with  smooth  concentric  striae;  anterior  area  with 
acute,  flexuose,  concentric  striae;  basal  margin  short;  dorsal  margin  straight,  very  much  reflected;  palmule  small, 
recurved,  thin;  two  longitudinal  internal,  elevated  lines. 

Diam.  .20  of  an  inch.  Length  .28.  Breadth  .18. 

Remarks. — The  stria?  on  the  anterior  part  of  the  shell  are  sometimes  wrinkled  so 
regularly  that  they  give  it  the  appearance  of  being  cancellate,  although  there  are  no 
radiating  lines.  The  posterior  part  of  the  shell  is  nearly  smooth,  from  the  dividing  line 
to  the  umbonial  slope,  where  there  are  numerous  regular  lines  of  growth.  There  is  a 
kind  of  second  dentiform  process,  immediately  below  the  beaks,  formed  by  the  recurving 
of  the  upper  termination  of  the  posterior  margin.  The  two  internal  stria?  extend  from 
the  beaks  to  the  base.  The  posterior  one  is  situated  immediately  under  the  umbonial 
slope.  The  anterior  one  is  caused  by  the  impressed  dividing  line.  It  extends,  in  a 
point,  a  little  beyond  the  basal  margin. 

This  shell  is  very  similar  to  a  specimen  of  the  P.  ovalis,  Say,  without  the  tube,  and 
with  the  thin  anterior  basal  portion  removed,  but  I  believe  it  to  be  a  perfect  shell,  as  I 
obtained  it  myself  from  the  hole  which  it  had  formed,  and  in  which  it  appeared  to  have 
remained  undisturbed.  It  was  surrounded  by  a  little  indurated  mud  which  preserved 
it  entire.  It  seemed  to  be  entirely  destitute  of  a  tube,  which  character  separates  it  from 
the  P.  ovalis.  It  also  differs  in  the  shape  and  size  of  the  palmule,  and  in  the  two  in- 
ternal lines. 


10  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 

FAMILY    SOLENID.E. 

GENUS   SOLEN. 

S.    MAGNODENTATDS,    PL.  34.    FlG.  8. 

S.  testa  antict  truncatd,  et  valde  hiante,  Itevi,  politd,  crassd;  natibiis  compressis;  dente  laterali  uno;  dcnte  cardinali  uno, 
longo,  acuto. 

Shell  truncate,  and  gaping  very  much  anteriorly,  smooth,  polished,  thick ;  beaks  compressed ;  with  one  lateral,  ami 
one  long,  acute,  cardinal  tooth. 

Diam. —         .  Length —         .  Breadth — 

Remarks. — Although  I  possess  but  a  small  fragment  of  this  shell,  yet  it  differs  so 
essentially  in  the  teeth  from  all  of  our  Solenes,  that  I  have  no  hesitation  in  pronouncing 
it  distinct.  I  believe  that  it  is  the  only  extinct  fossil  species  as  yet  found  in  our 
Tertiary. 

GENUS  PANOP^EA. 
P.  DUBIA,  PL.  34.  FIG.  9. 

P.  testa  quadrato-ellipticd,  transversd,  iruequilaterali,  posticS  truncatd,  anticl  rotundatd,  sub-infatd,  crassiusculii,  strintii; 
ttriis  cancentricis,  regularibus ;  margine  basali  recto;  margine  dorsali  recto ;  nymphis  magnis,  exsertis,  longissimis;  cardine 
cochlea  parvd. 

Shell  quadrately  elliptical,  transverse,  inequilateral,  posteriorly  truncate,  anteriorly  rounded,  somewhat  inflated,  ra- 
ther thick,  striate;  striae  concentric,  regular;  basal  margin  straight;  dorsal  margin  straight;  beaks  prominent;  nymph® 
large,  exserted,  very  long;  hinge  with  a  small  fosset. 

Diam.  .10  of  an  inch.  Length  .08.  Breadth — 

Remarks. — The  nymphae  are  unusually  large,  much  exserted,  and  very  long,  extending 
the  whole  length  of  the  dorsal  margin.  Near  the  beak,  they  are  suddenly  depressed  and 
twisted  round,  and  terminate  in  a  small,  shallow,  internal  fosset,  or  spoon-shaped  tooth. 

It  is  not  without  some  hesitation  that  I  have  placed  this  shell  among  the  Panopffice,  as 
it  has  a  spoon-shaped  tooth  in  place  of  an  erect,  pointed  one,  but  there  is  no  genus  to 
which  it  can  be  said  positively  to  belong,  and  I  do  not  consider  its  peculiar  characters 
sufficient  to  authorize  the  erection  of  a  new  one  for  its  reception.  It  seems  to  connect  the 
Glycymeris  with  the  Anatina,  having  the  nymphae  of  the  one,  and  the  spoon-shaped 
tooth  of  the  other. 

FAMILY  MYID.E. 

GENUS  MY  A. 
M.  REFLEXA,  PL.  34.  FIG.  10. 

M.  testa  quadrilaterali,  sub-inaquilaterali,  postice  rotundatd,  antice  truncatd  et  valdl  apertd,  inflatd,  striatd;  striis  conccn- 
tricis,  irregularibus;  clivo  umboniali  elevato,  rotundato;  margine  basali  curvato;  margine  dorsali  arcualo;  natibus  prominen- 
tibus,  incurvis. 

Shell  quadrilateral,  somewhat  inequilateral,  rounded  posteriorly,  truncate  and  very  open  anteriorly,  inflated, 
striate;  stria;  concentric,  irregular;  umbonial  slope  elevated,  rounded;  basal  margin  curved;  dorsal  margin  arcuate; 
beaks  prominent,  incurved. 

Diam.  .18  of  an  inch.  Length  .22.  Breadth  .29. 

Remarks. — The  opening  at  the  anterior  portion  of  the  shell  is  remarkably  large,  and 
the  margin  there  appears  to  be  somewhat  reflected.  The  stria3  are  more  numerous  and 
better  characterized  at  the  extremities,  than  in  the  central  portion  of  the  shell. 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA.  11 

As  but  one  valve  of  this  shell,  and  that  the  left  one,  is -before  me,  I  cannot  determine 
the  shape  of  the  tooth.  The  pit  to  receive  it  is  small  and  almost  horizontal. 

This  is,  I  believe,  the  only  extinct  species  of  Mya  as  yet  found  in  our  Tertiary. 

GENUS   THRACIA,  (LEACH.) 
T.  TRANSVERSA,  PL.  34.  FIG.  11. 

T.  testa  sub-ellipticii,  valde  inaequilaterali,  postice  acuminato-rotundatd,  antice  truncatd,  sub-compressd,  tenui, 
media  Icevi,  postice  el  antice  concentricc  striatii;  clivo  umboniali  rotundato;  margins  basali  curvato;  margins  dorsali 
media  angulato,  postice  convexo,  antice  concavo;  natibus  sub-aculis;  callo  nymphali  parvo,  obliquo. 

Shell  sub-elliptical,  very  inequilateral,  acuminately  rounded  posteriorly,  truncate  anteriorly,  sub-compressed,  thin, 
smooth  centrally,  striate  posteriorly  and  anteriorly;  umbonial  slope  rounded;  basal  margin  curved;  dorsal  margin 
angular  in  the  middle,  posteriorly  convex,  anteriorly  concave;  beaks  somewhat  acute;  nymphal  callosity  small, 
oblique. 

Diam.  .10.  Length  .18.  Breadth  .28  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — From  the  shape  of  the  anterior  margin,  I  conclude  that  the  shell  must  have 
gaped  considerably  there,  but  as  I  have  no  pair  of  valves,  I  cannot  be  certain.  The  sinus 
of  the  palleal  impression  is  deep,  and  near  the  anterior  cicatrix.  In  this  character,  it 
differs  from  the  rest  of  the  genus. 

This  is,  I  believe,  the  first  Thracia  found  in  our  Tertiary  deposites.  Deshayes,  in  his 
tables,  gives  four  as  the  number  of  European  Tertiary  species.  The  present  one  is  the 
smallest  of  the  genus. 

GENUS   ANATINA. 
A.  TELLINOIDES,  PL.  34.  FIG.  12. 

A.  testa  ovato-triangulari,  transversd,  postice  angulatd,  antice  rolundatd,  compressd,  postice  undulatd,  tenui,  con- 
centrice  striatd;  striis  crebris  minutis;  margins  basali  sub-Jlexuoso;  natibus  compressis,  prominentibus ;  dentibus 
lateralibus  magnis;  cockled  obliqud,  ovato-acuminatd,  minime  profundd;  cicatricibus  magnis. 

Shell  ovate-triangular,  transverse,  angular  posteriorly,  rounded  anteriorly,  compressed,  posteriorly  undulate,  thin, 
concentrically  striate;  stria?  numerous,  minute;  basal  margin  slightly  flexuose;  beaks  compressed,  prominent;  lateral 
teeth  large;  fosset  oblique,  ovate-acuminate,  shallow;  cicatrices  large. 

Diam.  .25.  Length  .45.  Breadth of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — Of  the  lateral  teeth,  the  posterior  one  is  much  the  longer.  The  fosset  is 
small,  quite  oblique,  acute  above  and  rounded  below.  The  broad  undulation  on  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  shell  gives  it  very  much  the  appearance  of  a  Tellina,  when  viewed 
externally.  The  lines  of  growth  are  small,  very  numerous  and  irregular. 

This  species  is  quite  thin  and  fragile.  Out  of  some  half  a  dozen  specimens,  I  have  but 
one  perfect  valve,  and  that  is  a  very  young  one.  I  am  therefore  unable  to  give  all  the 
dimensions. 

Judging  from  description,  this  shell  is  not  unlike  the  A.  antiqua,  Conrad,  but  the  dif- 
ference in  size  and  sculpture,  and  the  posterior  undulation  distinguish  them  at  once. 


12  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 

FAMILY   MACTRID.E. 

GENUS    ALIGENA,  (Noais.) 

Testa  aquivdvisf  subaquilateralis,  posticS  et  antice  clausa;  cardo  dente  cardinali  uno,  sulco  sub  natibus  longo,  minime 
profundo. 

Shell  equivalve?  sub-equilateral,  closed  posteriorly  and  anteriorly;  hinge  with  one  cardinal  tooth,  and  a  long  shal- 
low sulcation  under  the  beaks. 

Remarks. — The  cardinal  tooth  is,  in  general,  rather  small.  The  sulcus  appears  to 
have  received  the  ligament.  It  commences  at  the  beak,  and  runs  obliquely  past  the 
dorsal  margin  into  the  cavity  under  the  beak.  As  I  possess  only  odd  valves  of  both  the 
following  species,  I  am  unable  to  determine  whether  the  shell  is  equivalve  or  not. 

I  have  in  vain  endeavoured  to  find  some  genus,  already  described,  which  might  receive 
these  little  shells,  but  their  peculiar  characters  in  having  one  cardinal  tooth,  and  a  liga- 
mentiferous  sulcation,  descending  into  the  shell,  distinguish  them  from  other  genera. 
Their  place  in  the  systems  is,  most  probably,  in  the  family  Mactrida?,  between  Erycina 
and  Ungulina. 

I  have  called  the  genus,  Aligena,  one  of  the  surnames  of  Venus,  from  its  resemblance 
to  Erycina,  also  an  appellation  of  that  goddess. 

A.  STRIATA,  PL.  34.  FIG.  13. 

A.  testa  transversd,  sub-cllipticd,  postice  et  antice  rotundatd,  inflatd,  tcnui,  striatd;  striis  concentricis,  propc  marginem 
basakm  maximis;  clivo  umboniali  elevato,  sub-angulato;  margine  basali  curvato;  margint  dorsali  media  angulato,  postice  et 
antice  curvato;  natibus  promijientibus,  incurvis,  sub-lavibus;  dente  cardinali  minima;  sulco  longo.  pene  transverse:  margine 
interno  integro. 

Shell  transverse,  sub-elliptical,  rounded  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  inflated,  thin,  striate;  stria;  concentric,  very 
large  near  the  basal  margin;  umbonial  slope  elevated,  somewhat  angulate;  basal  margin  curved;  dorsal  margin  angu- 
lar in  the  middle,  curved  posteriorly  and  anteriorly;  beaks  prominent,  incurved,  nearly  smooth;  cardinal  tooth  very 
small;  sulcation  long,  nearly  transverse;  margin  entire  within. 

Diam.  .10.  Length  .19.  Breadth  .21  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  concentric  striaa  are  irregular  in  size  and  number,  but  there  is  a 
general  increase  from  the  beaks  to  the  base.  Those  near  the  base,  indeed,  almost  merit 
the  name  of  costee.  The  cardinal  tooth  is  extremely  small. 

A.  L.EVIS,  PL.  34.  FIG.  14. 

A.  testa  transversd,  sul-quadrilaterali,  postice  rotundatd,  antice  subtruncatd,  convexd,  inflatd,  leevi;  margine  basali 
recto;  margine  dorsali  media  angulato,  postice  et  antice  curvato;  natibus  sub-prominulis,  incurvis;  dente  cardinali 
longo;  sulco  lato,  curto,  penu  transverso;  margine  interno  integro. 

Shell  transverse,  sub-quadrilateral,  posteriorly  rounded,  anteriorly  sub-truncate,  convex,  inflated,  smooth;  basal 
margin  straight,  dorsal  margin  angular  in  the  middle,  curved  anteriorly  and  posteriorly;  beaks  somewhat  prominent, 
incurved;  cardinal  tooth  long;  sulcation  wide,  short,  nearly  transvefse;  margin  entire  within. 

Diam.  .14.  Length  .18.  Breadth  .22  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — There  are  a  few,  almost  imperceptible  lines  of  growth  over  the  surface  of 
the  shell,  which,  under  a  powerful  microscope,  give  it  a  somewhat  roughened  appearance. 
The  cardinal  tooth  is  very  long,  and  the  sulcus  is  shallow,  so  that  the  hinge,  at  first 
glance,  is  not  unlike  that  of  the  genus  Thracia. 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA.  13 

This  shell  is  closely  allied  to  the  preceding,  but  the  differences  in  outline,  hinge  and 
sculpture  separate  them. 

FAMILY  LITHOPHAGDXE. 

GENUS  PETRICOLA. 
P.  COMPRESSA,  PL.  34.  FIG.  15. 

P.  testa  valdc  transversd,  valdc  in&quilaterali,  sub-ellipticd,  compressd,  postice  sub-truncatd.  antice  rotundatd,  tenui, 
striatd  postice  et  antice;  striis  minimis,  concentricis;  margins  basalt  recto;  margine  dorsali  recto;  natibus  sub-acutis, 
prominenlibus;  dentibus  duobus,  parvis,  divergentibus. 

Shell  very  transverse,  very  inequilateral,  sub-elliptical,  compressed,  posteriorly  sub-truncate,  anteriorly  rounded, 
thin,  striate  posteriorly  and  anteriorly;  stria;  very  small,  concentric;  basal  margin  straight;  dorsal  margin  straight; 
beaks  somewhat  acute,  prominent;  teeth  two,  small,  divergent. 

Diam.  .10.  Length  .12.  Breadth  .25  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  concentric  lines  of  growth  are  very  small.  They  are  visible  on  the 
anterior  and  posterior  portions  of  the  shell.  On  the  central  part  they  are  obsolete, 
leaving  it  smooth.  The  teeth  are  small  and  unusually  divergent  for  a  Petricola. 

This  shell  is  smaller  and  more  compressed  than  any  of  our  described  species.  In 
form  it  much  resembles  Saxicava  vaginoides,  Desh.,  but  it  is  more  transverse  and  differs 
in  the  hinge. 


FAMILY  NYMPHID.E. 

GENUS   PSAMMOCOLA,  (BLAINVILLE.) 
P.  LUCINOIDES,  PL.  34.  FIG.  16. 

P.  testa  sub-orbiculari,  pene  cequilaterali,  postice  et  antice  rotundatd,  convexd,  tenui,  striatd;  striis  concentricis, 
minimis;  natibus  prominentibus,  sub-rectis;  valvd  sinislrd  dentibus  duobus  cardinalibus,  quorum  unus  bijidus,  late- 
raiibus  nullis. 

Shell  suborbicular,  almost  equilateral,  rounded  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  convex,  thin,  striate;  striae  concentric, 
very  small;  beaks  prominent,  nearly  straight;  left  valve  with  two  cardinal  teeth,  one  of  which  is  bifid,  and  no  late- 
ral ones. 

Diam.  .15.  Length  .31.  Breadth  .35  of  an  infth. 

Remarks. — This  shell  is  unusually  lenticular  for  a  Psamnoocola.  The  concentric 
striae  are  numerous  and  extremely  small.  There  are,  however,  three  or  four  larger  ones, 
nearly  equidistant,  over  the  surface  of  the  shell. 

The  general  resemblance  which  this  shell  bears  to  some  species  of  the  genus  Lucina, 
will  readily  distinguish  it  from  its  congeners. 

I  have  adopted  this  genus  on  the  authority  of  Sowerby,  who  says  that  in  it  Blainville 
unites  the  Psammobia  and  Psammoteea  of  Lamarck,  considering  the  difference  between 
these  genera  as  artificial  and  accidental. 

P.  REGIA,  PL.  34.  FIG.  17. 

P.  testa  transversa,  ovato-quadratd,  inaequilalerali,  postice  hiante,  antice  et  postice  subtruncatd,  valde  inflata, 
crassissimd,  sulcatd;  sulcis  radiantibus,  crebris,  aqualibus,  latis;  margine  basali  pene  recto;  margine  dorsali  sub-cur- 


14  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 

tato;  natibut  valde  elevatis,  acuminatis;  in  valvi   utraque  dentibus  cardinalibus  duolus,  lateralibus  nvllit;  nymphis 
rurtis.  crassis;  lunula  parvfi,  cordata;  cicatricibus  maximis;  cicatrice  palleali  valde  situtalu. 

Shell  transverse,  ovately  quadrate,  inequilateral,  gaping  posteriorly,  subtruncate  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  very 
much  inflated,  very  thick,  sulcate ;  sulci  radiating,  numerous,  equal,  wide;  basal  margin  almost  straight;  dorsal  margin 
slightly  curved;  beaks  much  elevated,  acuminate;  hinge  in  each  valve  with  two  cardinal  and  no  lateral  teeth;  nym- 
phffi  short,  thick;  lunule  small,  cordate;  cicatrices  very  large;  palleal  impression  much  sinuated. 

Diam.  1.25.  Length  1.56.  Breadth  2.30  inches. 

Remarks. — The  radiating  sulci  are  largest  and  deepest  on  the  posterior  extremity  of  the 
shell;  they  are  interrupted  by  occasional  lines  of  growth.  The  palleal  impression  becomes 
very  broad  as  it  approaches  the  anterior  cicatrix.  It  is  very  rugose,  and  lias  a  large, 
semi-elliptical  sinus  posteriorly.  In  the  right  valve,  one  of  the  teeth  is  bifid,  but,  as  in 
all  my  specimens  the  hinge  of  the  left  valve  is  fractured,  I  am  unable  to  say  whether  this 
be  the  case  in  it  or  not.  The  outline  of  the  shell  is  very  variable.  I  have  one  specimen 
which  is  nearly  oblong,  with  a  sinuated  basal  margin  and  almost  central  beaks.  In  this 
form  its  external  appearance  approaches  closely  that  of  the  Area  centenaria  of  Say. 

Judging  from  description^  this  shell  must  resemble  the  Petricola  centenaria,  Conrad, 
but  its  nymphae,  teeth  and  sinuated  palleal  impression,  exclude  it  from  that  genus.  It  is 
larger  and  more  beautiful  than  any  of  its  congeners* 


GENUS  LUCINA. 
L.  PUNCTULATA,  PL.  34.  FIG.  18. 

L.  testa  rotunda,  lenticular!.  sub-<equilaterali,  postice  et  ant  ice  truncato-rotundald,  convexd,  tenui,  diaphanri.  punc- 
tulatd,  substriatd;  striis  conc.entricis,  irregularibus,  raris;  clivo  umboniali  rotundato;  nulibus  prominent ibus,  acutis; 
valvd  siniitrd  dentibus  cardinalibus  duobus,  laterali  unn;  margine  interno  integro. 

Shell  rounded,  lenticular,  sub-equilateral,  truncately  rounded  posteriorly  and  anteriorly,  convex,  diaphanous, 
punctulate,  somewhat  striate;  striae  concentric,  few,  irregular;  umbonial  slope  rounded;  beaks  prominent,  acute;  left 
valve  with  one  lateral  and  two  cardinal  teeth;  internal  margin  entire. 

Diam.  .16.  Length  .32.  Breadth  .35  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  concentric  lines  of  growth  are,  for  the  most  part,  very  small,  but  there 
are  two  or  three  larger  ones.  The  punctulations  extend  over  the  whole  surface.  They 
are  very  small,  and  cannot  be  seen  without  the  aid  of  a  microscope,  but  they  impart  a 
rough  feeling  to  the  shell  when  handled. 

This  shell  may  be  readily  distinguished  from  all  its  fossil  congeners  by  its  diaphanous 
substance  and  punctulate  surface. 

L.  LENS,  PL.  34.  FIG.  19. 

L.  testa  orliculari,  eequilaterali.  valde  convexn,  crassa,  costatd;  costis  concentricis,  parvis,  crebrissimis,  planulatis, 
politis;  margine  dorsalijlexuoso;  natibus  prominenlibus,  acutis,  incurvis;  lunula  eliiptica,  magnii.  profundu;  dentibus 
in  utrnque  valvd,  cardinalibus  duabus  pareis.  lattralibus  duabus  magnis;  margine  interno  minute  crcnulato. 

Shell  orbicular,  equilateral,  very  convex,  thick,  costate ;  costoe  concentric,  small,  very  numerous,  flattened,  polished  ; 
dorsal  margin  flexuose;  beaks  prominent,  acute,  incurved;  lunule  elliptical,  large,  deep;  each  valve  with  two  small 
cardinal,  and  two  large  lateral  teeth ;  internal  margin  minutely  crenulate. 

Diam  .28.  Ljength  .35.  Breadth  .38  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  ribs  are  very  small,  and  appear  like  striae,  unless  examined  with  a 
microscope.    There  are  occasional  larger  ones,  where  the  shell  appears  to  have  ceased 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA.  15 

growing  for  awhile,  and  some  are  minutely  wrinkled.     The  cicatrices  are  deep  and  well 
denned.     The  whole  shell  is  remarkably  globose. 

This  species  agrees  pretty  well  with  the  description  of  S.  trisulcata,  Conrad,  but  that 
shell  is  said  to  be  "obovate,"  while  ours  is  very  rotund.  It  is  also  closely  allied  to  some 
of  its  congeners  from  Claiborne. 


FAMILY  CONCHIM. 

GENUS  ASTARTE. 

A.    LINEOLATA,   PL.  34.    FlG.  20. 

A.  testa  triangulari,  pene  czquilaterali,  injlata,  crassa,  striatd;  striis  crcbrissimis,  rotundatis,  conccntricis;  margine  basali 

sub-curvato;  natibus  elevatis,  acuminatis;  lunula  valde  clongatd;  dentibus  magnis,  valde  divetgentibus;  margine  interno  crenulato. 

Shell  triangular,  almost  equilateral,  inflated,  thick,  striate;  striee  concentric,  very  numerous,  rounded;  basal  margin 

somewhat  curved;  beaks  elevated,  acuminate;  lunule  much  elongated ;  teeth  large,  very  divergent ;  internal  margin 

crenulate. 

Diam.  .15.  Length  .18.  Breadth  .21  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  striae  are  very  regular,  minute,  and  about  fifty  in  number,  on  a  full- 
grown  specimen  now  before  me.  The  lunule  is  unusually  long  and  rather  broad.  The 
beaks  are  elevated  and  produced. 

I,  at  first,  regarded  this  as  a  young  specimen  of  A.  concentrica,  Conrad,  but  the 
crenulations  on  the  inner  margin  prove  it  to  be  full-grown.  In  size  it  approaches  the  A. 
lunulata,  Con.,  but  the  strise  are  much  smaller  and  more  numerous,  and  the  shell  is 
more  inflated. 

GENUS  CYTHEREA. 
C.  ELEVATA,  PL.  34.  FIG.  21. 

C.  testa  ovatu,  transversd,  inatquilaterali,  postice  subtruncatd,  antice  rotundato-angulatu,  injlata,  crassa,  nitente,  substriatd; 
striis  concentricis,  minimis,  media  obsolctis;  margine  basali  curvato;  margine  dorsali  angulato;  natibus  elevatis,  prominentibus; 
dentibus  magnis,  quorum  uno  bifido. 

Shell  transverse,  ovate,  inequilateral,  subtruncate  posteriorly,  rounded-angular  anteriorly,  inflated,  thick,  shining, 
substriate;  striae  concentric,  very  small,  obsolete  in  the  middle;  basal  margin  curved;  dorsal  margin  angular;  beaks 
elevated,  prominent;  teeth  large,  one  bifid. 

Diam.  .19.  Length  .28.  Breadth  .32  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — There  are  no  very  decided  characters  about  this  shell,  yet  I  cannot  refer  it 
to  any  known  species.  When  young,  its  form  is  more  longitudinal*  It  is  more  allied  to 
C.  convexa,  Say;  than  to  any  other  shell. 

C.  SPHJERICA,  PL.  34.  FIG.  22. 

C.  testa  rotunda,  aquilatcrali,  globosd,  tenui,  l<evi,  politd;  margine  dorsali  curvato;  natibus  elevatis,  prominentibus,  rectis 
lunula  minima,  lanceolatd;  dentibus  parvis. 

Shell  rotund,  equilateral,  globose,  thin,  smooth,  polished;  dorsal  margin  curved ;  beaks  elevated,  prominent,  straight; 
lunule  very  small,  lanceolate;  teeth  small. 

Diam.  .18.  Length  .19.  Breadth  .20  of  an  inch. 

D 


16  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 

Remarks. — This  shell  is  rounded  and  more  globose  than  any  of  its  congeners  that 
I  have  seen.  These  characters  will  serve  to  distinguish  it  from  all  our  other  fossil 
species. 

GENUS  VENUS, 
V.  ASCIA,  PL.  34.  FIG.  23. 

V.  testa  longitudinali,  oblique  triangulari,  sub-inaquilalcrali,  postice  et  antiee  sub-angulatd,  compressd,  eraasd,  striatd;  striii 
eontentricis  ram;  margine  basali  minime  curvato;  margine  dorsali  angulato;  natibus  promincntibus,  acutis;  dentibus  tribus 
divergentibus;  cicatrice  palteali  acute  sinuata;  lunuld  magnd.  ekvatii,  lined  iatprcssd  marginatd. 

Shell  longitudinal,  obliquely  triangular,  sub-inequilateral,  somewhat  angular  posteriorly  and  anteriorly,  compressed, 
thick,  striate;  striae  concentric,  few;  basal  margin  slightly  curved;  dorsal  margin  angular :  beaks  prominent,  acute; 
teeth  three,  diverging;  palleal  impression  acutely  sinuate;  lunule  large,  elevated,  margined  with  an  impressed  line. 

Diam.  .15.  Length  .30.  Breadth  .31  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  surface  is  somewhat  rugulose  with  irregular  lines  of  growth,  which, 
in  two  or  three  places,  amount  almost  to  ribs.  The  general  outline  is  that  of  a  triangle 
with  slightly  curved  sides. 

This  shell  has  an  unusual  shape  for  a  Venus,  but  the  three  distinct  cardinal  teeth  will 
not  admit  it  into  any  other  genus.  Although  the  sinus  of  the  palleal  impression  is  deep 
and  acute,  it  has  not  the  circular  outline  of  the  Artemis. 


FAMILY  CARDIID.E. 

GENUS  HIATELLA. 
H.  LANCEA,  PL.  34.   FIG.  24. 

H.  testa  transvertissimd,  mttquilaterali,  postice  et  antiee  truncato  rotundatd,  minime  hiante,  valde  compressd,  concentrice 
striatd;  striis  minimis;  clivo  umboniali  ekvato;  margine  basali  recto;  margint  dorsali  media  sub  angulato,  postice  et  antiee  recto; 
natibus  prominentibus;  dentibus  magnis. 

Shell  very  transverse,  inequilateral,  truncately  rounded  posteriorly  and  anteriorly,  gaping  very  slightly,  very  much 
compressed,  concentrically  striate;  striae  very  small;  umbonial  slope  elevated;  basal  margin  straight;  dorsal  margin 
sub-angular  in  the  middle,  straight  posteriorly  and  anteriorly;  beaks  prominent;  teeth  large. 

Diam.  10.  Length  .15.  Breadth  .29  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  lines  of  growth  are  very  small  and  inconspicuous.  The  two  teeth  in 
the  left  valve  diverge  considerably.  The  anterior  one  is  bifid. 

This  genus  is  placed  in  the  family  Cardiidee  by  Lamarck,  and  in  the  Lithophagidse  by 
Sowerby,  who  does  not  regard  it  as  distinct  from  Saxicava.  Which  is  right,  I  have  no 
means  of  determining,  and  I  therefore  leave  it  where  Lamarck  places  it. 


FAMILY   ARC  ACID  JE. 

GENUS  MJCULA. 

N.    DOLABELLA,    PL.  34.    FlG.  25. 

N.  testa  oblique  triangulari,  incequilaterali,  postice  et  antiee  angulatd,  inflatd,  crassiusculd,  striatd;  striis  concentricis, 
minutlisimis;  striis  longitudinalibus,  pene  obsolctis,  raris,  clivo  umboniali  precipiti;  margine  basali  curvato;  margine  dorsali 
media  acute  angulato,  postice  et  antiee  recto;  dentibus  parvis;  cochlea  parvd,  sub  triangulari;  margine  interne  crenulato. 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA.  17 

Shell  obliquely  triangular,  inequilateral,  posteriorly  and  anteriorly  angulated,  inflated,  rather  thick,  striate;  con- 
centric strite  very  small ;  longitudinal  strise,  few,  almost  obsolete;  umbonial  slope  steep;  basal  margin  curved;  dorsal 
margin  acutely  angular  in  the  middle,  posteriorly  and  anteriorly  straight;  teeth  small;  fosset  small,  sub-triangular; 
internal  margin  crenulate. 

Diam  .17.  Length  .18.  Breadth  .20  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  longitudinal  strife  are  only  visible  in  a  strong  light,  with  a  powerful 
microscope.  The  concentric  lines  of  growth  are  also  small,  with  the  exception  of  two  or 
three  larger  ones. 

This  may  prove  to  be  only  a  variety  of  N.  obliqua,  Say,  but  it  differs  from  all  my 
specimens  of  that  shell  in  being  more  inequilateral  and  inflated,  in  the  form  of  the  fosset, 
and  in  the  straight  series  of  teeth. 

N.  DIAPHANA,  PL.  34.  FIG.  26. 

N.  testa,  transvcrsd,  iniequilaterdli,  sub-cllipt  icd,  posticc  ct  antice  rolundatd,  ivf.atd,  diaphand,  tenui.  lavi,  politd,  intus  mar' 
garitaced;  cliro  umboniali  sub  planulato;  margine  basali  curvato;  margine  dorsali  curvato;  natibus  prominenlibus;  dentibus  valde 
arcuatis,  anticis  quinque,  posticis  diiodccim;  cockled  rhotnboided,  obliqua;  margine  interne  crenulato. 

Shell  transverse,  inequilateral,  sub-elliptic,  rounded  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  inflated,  diaphanous,  thin,  smooth, 
polished,  pearly  within;  umbonial  slope  somewhat  flattened;  basal  margin  curved ;  dorsal  margin  curved  ;  beaks  pro- 
minent; teeth  very  arcuate,  five  anterior,  twelve  posterior;  fosset  rhomboidal,  oblique;  internal  margin  crenulated. 

Diam.  .04.  Length  .11.  Breadth  .15  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — This  little  shell,  in  common  with  the  preceding,  has  some  resemblance  to 
the  N.  obliqua,  Say,  but  it  may  be  distinguished  by  its  elliptical  shape,  thin  and  diapha- 
nous substance,  smooth  surface,  and  rhomboidal  fosset.  The  teeth  are  also  more  arcuate, 
and  there  is  a  greater  disparity  between  the  posterior  and  anterior  series. 

In  outline,  this  species  is  closely  allied  to  the  N.  antiqua,  Mighels  and  Adams,  from 
the  Post-Pliocene  of  Massachusetts. 

N.    .EQUILATERA,    PL.  34.     FlG.   27. 

N.  testa  longitudinaliter-ellipticd,  csquilaterali,  postice  el  antice  sub-curvatd,  inflatr't,  crassa,  punctato-costata; 
costis  radiant/bus,  vel  punctiferis  vel  cancellatis;  margine  basali  valde  curvato;  margine  dorsali  angulato;  natibus 
prominulis,  incurvis,  rectis;  dentibus  parvis,  rectis,  anlicis  tribus,  posticis  octo;  cockled  pared,  profundd;  margine 
irtterno  crenulato. 

Shell  longitudinally  elliptical,  equilateral,  somewhat  curved  posteriorly  and  anteriorly,  inflated,  thick,  punctately 
costate;  costas  small,  radiating,  punctiferous  or  cancellate;  basal  margin  very  much  curved  ;  dorsal  margin  angulate; 
beaks  somewhat  prominent,  incurved,  straight;  teeth  small,  straight,  three  anterior,  eight  posterior;  fosset  small, 
deep;  margin  crenulate  within. 

Diam.  .08.  Breadth  .10.  Length  .12  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  ribs  are  small,  sometimes  divaricate,  and  punctulate.  They  occa- 
sionally have  the  appearance  of  being  cancellate.  The  shorter  series  of  teeth  is  imme- 
diately under  the  beaks  and  adjoining  the  fosset,  from  which  the  longer  series  is  removed 
by  a  smooth  intervening  space.  This  character,  and  the  longitudinal  equilateral  shape 
seem  to  remove  it  from  the  genus  Nucula,  but  they  can  hardly  be  said  to  amount  to 
generic  distinctions. 

This  shell  bears  a  general  resemblance  to  the  Myoparo  costatus,  Lea,  but  its  shape 
does  not  admit  it  into  that  genus. 


19  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS. 

N.  CARINATA.  PL.  34.  FIG.  28. 

Jf.  lettd  transversd,  ovato-acuminatu,  subinefquilaterali,  antice  rostratd,  postice  rotundatd,  inflatti,  crassiusrulu,  con- 
centrice  sulcatd ;  svlcis  parvis,  crebris,  regularibvs.  rotundatii;  clivo  umboniali  elevato,  carinato;  margine  basali  rur- 
vato;  margine  dorsal!  media  angulato,  postice  convexo,  aniice  concavo;  nalibus  minime  elevatis,  recurvis;  dentibus 
angulaiis,  carinatis;  anticis  quatuordecim,  posticis  quindecim;  cockled  triangular!,  profundd;  margine  interne 
integro. 

Shell  transverse,  ovate-acuminate,  sub-inequilateral,  anteriorly  rostrate,  posteriorly  rounded,  inflated,  rather  thick, 
concentrically  sulcate;  sulci  small,  numerous,  regular,  rounded;  umbonial  slope  elevated,  carinate;  basal  margin 
curved;  dorsal  margin  angular  in  the  middle,  posteriorly  convex,  anteriorly  concave;  beaks  very  slightly  elevated, 
recurved;  teeth  angular,  carinate,  fourteen  anterior,  fifteen  posterior;  fosset  triangular,  deep;  internal  margin  crenu- 
late. 

Diam.  .15.  Length  .18.  Breadth  .11  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  teeth  are  large  and  angular,  with  a  carina  on  the  outside  edge  of  the 
angle.  The  two  series  are  nearly  equal  in  number. 

This  shell  is  very  similar  to  the  N.  concentrica,  Say:  the  points  of  difference  are, 
however,  the  greater  proportionate  length  of  our  species,  its  carinate  umbonial  slope, 
and  peculiar  teeth.  It  is  also  more  equilateral,  and  has  the  series  of  teeth  more  nearly 
equal.  In  these  two  last  characters,  it  also  approaches  the  N.  media,  Lea. 

N.  ACDTIDENS,  PL.  34.  FIG.  29. 

N.  testa  tenui.  l&vi,  politd;  dentibus  magnis,  longissimis,  arcuatis,  acutis,  perpendicularibus ;  cochlea  minime  pro- 
fundd. 

Shell  thin,  smooth,  polished;  teeth  large,  very  long,  arcuate,  acute,  perpendicular;  fosset  shallow. 

Diam. Length Breadth of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — I  have  but  a  fragment  of  the  hinge  of  this  shell,  but  the  teeth  are  so  re- 
markable that  they  appear  to  distinguish  it  from  all  our  other  species.  They  are  very 
long,  thin,  pointed,  and  placed  perpendicularly  to  the  hinge  margin,  so  as  to  project 
beyond  the  shell  and  be  seen  nearly  as  well  externally  as  internally. 


FAMILY   MYTILID.E. 

GENUS  MODIOLA. 

M.  SPINIGERA,  PL.  35.  FIG.  30. 

M.  testa  quadrato-eUipticd,  transversd,  inequilateral!,  postice  truncatd,  antice  rotundatd,  sub-inflatri,  tenui,  dia- 
phand,  striatd ;  striis  parvis,  concenlricis,  irregularibus ;  clivo  umboniali  angulato;  margine  basali  recto;  margine 
dorsali  recto,  spinoso;  natibus  prominentibus,  rotundatis. 

Shell  quadrately-elliptical,  transverse,  inequilateral,  posteriorly  truncate,  anteriorly  rounded,  somewhat  inflated, 
thin,  diaphanous,  striate;  stria;  small,  concentric,  irregular;  umbonial  slope  angulated;  basal  margin  straight;  dorsal 
margin  straight,  spinous;  beaks  prominent,  rounded. 

Diam  .08  of  an  inch.  Length  .10.  Breadth  .14. 

Remarks. — The  spines  on  the  dorsal  margin  are  rather  short  and  few  in  number;  they 
project  perpendicularly  from  the  line  of  the  margin.  The  substance  of  the  shell  is  ex- 
tremely thin.  The  beaks  are  long  and  somewhat  incurved. 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA.  19 

This  little  shell  is  interesting  from  its  singular  spinous  appendages.  No  other  Mo- 
diola,  that  I  have  met  with,  has  them.  Indeed,  the  only  shell  I  have  ever  seen  with 
spines  similarly  posited,  is  the  Cardium  aviculare,  Lam.,  from  the  Paris  Basin. 


FAMILY  MALLEIM. 

GENUS  AVICULA. 

A.   MULTANGULA,    PL.    35.    FlG.   31. 

A.  testa  valde  transversd,  sub-incsquilaterali,  antice  acute  rostratd,  postice  truncatd,  compressd,  undulatd,  crassd,  striatd; 
striis  radiantibvs  minimis,  raris;  clivo  umboniali  elevato;  margine  basali  flexuoso;  margine  dorsali  recto;  natibus  compressis; 
cardinis  area  triangi'lari,  transversd;  sulco  ligamentifero,  triangular!,  profundo;  testa  parts  anticd  interne  valde  incrassatd. 

Shell  very  transverse,  sub-inroquilatera!,  acutely  rostrate  anteriorly,  truncate  posteriorly,  compressed,  undulate, 
thick,  striate;  striae  few,  radiating,  very  small;  umbonial  slope  elevated;  basal  margin  flexuose;  dorsal  margin  straight; 
beaks  compressed;  area  of  the  beaks  triangular,  transverse;  ligamentiferous  sulcation  triangular,  deep;  anterior  part 
of  the  shell,  very  much  incrassated  within. 

Diam.  .18.  Length  .20.  Breadth  .45  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — There  are  numerous  exceedingly  minute  lines  of  growth  over  the  surface. 
The  radiating  strite  are  plainest  where  they  terminate  at  an  angle  in  the  basal  margin. 
The  cavity  of  the  beaks  is  very  deep  and  small.  It  is  abruptly  cut  off  by  the  incrassa- 
tion  of  the  anterior  end,  which  is  perfectly  flat  and  on  a  level  with  the  dorsal  and  basal 
margins.  As  all  of  rny  specimens  are  very  much  worn,  I  cannot  perceive  any  trace  of 
the  muscular  impressions. 

This  curious  little  shell  differs  from  the  genus  Avicula  somewhat  in  the  hinge.  The 
fosset  is  more  conspicuous  than  in  general  with  that  genus,  while  the  tooth  is  almost  or 
entirely  obsolete.  I  had  at  first  intended  erecting  a  new  genus  for  it,  but  the  characters 
of  the  hinge  in  this  family  are  so  variable  and  so  little  to  be  depended  on,  that  I  have 
thought  it  best  to  leave  it  in  this  genus.  It  can  hardly  be  confounded  with  any  of  its 
congeners. 


FAMILY  PECTENID.E. 

GENUS    PECTEN. 
P.  MICROPLEURA,  PL.  35.  FIG.  32. 

P.  testa  longitudinaliter  ovatd,  sub-inflata,  crassd,  radiatim  costatd;  costis  parvis,  crebris,  regularibus,  planis,  Icevibiis; 
margine  basali  circulari;  auribvs  aqualibus,  costatis;  natibus  compressis.  acutis. 

.Shell  longitudinally  ovate,  somewhat  inflated,  thick,  radiately  costate ;  costee  small,  numerous,  regular,  flat,  smooth; 
basal  margin  circular;  auricles  equal,  costate;  beaks  compressed,  acute. 

Diam.  .30.  Length  .60.  Breadth  .58  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  whole  surface,  from  one  auricle  to  the  other,  is  covered  with  small, 
regular,  smooth  ribs,  distant  from  each  other  about  their  own  width.     They  are  between 
thirty  and  forty  in  number,  besides  about  ten  on  each  auricle. 
E 


20  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 

This  shell  may  be  distinguished  from  all  its  congeners  of  our  Tertiary  by  its  small 
and  numerous  costs,  and  longitudinal  form. 

P.  TENUIS,  PL.  35.  FIG.  33. 

P.  testa  tub-orbiculari,  equilateral!,  convexa,  tenui,  striatd;  striis  radianlibus,  crebris,  turn  magnis,  turn  parvis  - 
lineis  concentricis,  minutis,  ran'*;  natibus  acuminatis,  tub-elevatis;  auribus  magnis,  inaqualibus,  striatis;  testa  in- 
terne lacvi. 

Shell  sub-oibicular,  equilateral,  convex,  thin,  striate;  stria;  radiating,  numerous,  sometimes  large,  sometimes  small; 
a  few  minute  concentric  lines;  beaks  acuminated,  somewhat  elevated,  auricles  large,  unequal,  striate;  shell  smooth 
within. 

Diam.  .60.  Length  2.26.  Breadth  2.28  inches. 

Remarks. — The  striae  are  very  irregular  as  to  size,  and  frequently  are  alternate.  Near 
the  base  they  are  much  smaller;  and  are  decussated  by  numerous  very  minute,  concen- 
tric lines.  On  the  only  valve  now  before  me,  they  are  about  one  hundred  in  number. 
The  shell  has  been  quite  longitudinal  when  young,  as  may  be  seen  from  the  lines  of 
growth.  Three  or  four  of  the  longitudinal  striae  are  rather  larger  than  the  rest,  particu- 
larly near  the  beaks. 

This  pretty  shell  was  found  at  Shell  Bank  near  Petersburg,  the  plantation  of  E. 
Ruffin,  Esq.,  and  sent  by  him  to  my  father.  It  may  be  distinguished  from  P.  Clinto- 
nius,  Say,  a  species  to  which  it  is  closely  allied,  by  its  unequal  auricles  and  striae,  its 
more  longitudinal  form,  and  acuminate  beaks. 


GENUS  PLICATULA. 
P.  RUDIS,  PL.  35.  FIG.  34. 

P.  testa  longitudinal!,  orbicular! ,  pland,  tenui,  rugosd;  natibus  prominulis,  acutis;  dentibus  magnis;  margins  intus 
lato,  nigrescente. 

Shell  longitudinal,  orbicular,  flat,  thin,  rugose;  beaks  prominent,  acute;  teeth  large,  internal  margin  wide  and 
blackish. 

Diam  .20.  Length  .68.  Breadth  .65  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  surface  is  nearly  covered  with  irregular  longitudinal  wrinkles,  which 
render  it  very  rugose.  It  is  nearly  flat  and  destitute  of  folds. 

This  shell  may  be  distinguished  from  the  P.  marginata,  Say,  which  it  somewhat 
resembles,  by  its  flat,  orbicular  form,  rugosities,  thinness  and  want  of  folds.  It  is  much 
rarer  than  that  species.  I  found  but  three  or  four  specimens  of  it  among  more  than  a 
hundred  of  the  other. 


FAMILY  PHYLLIDID^E. 

GENUS  CHITON. 
C.  TIUNSENNA,  PL.  35.  FIG.  35. 

C.  testa — ,  octovalvif  crassd,  costatd,  dorso  valde  elevatd  el  angulatd;  valvarum  intermediarum  area  central/  costis 
longitudinal/ bus  rectit,  noduliferis,  area  lateral!  out  leevi  out  nodulosd;  valvtB  terminally  area,  central!  noduloio 
costatd,  area  lateral!  nodulosd. 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA.  21 

Shell—,  eight-valved ?  thick,  costate,  very  much  elevated  and  angular  in  the  back;  central  area  of  the  intermediate 
valves  with  straight,  longitudinal,  noduliferous  ribs,  lateral  area  smooth  or  nodulose;  central  area  of  the  terminal 
valve  nodulosely  costate,  lateral  area  nodulose. 

Length  of  valve  .15.  Breadth  do.  .50  of  an  inch. 

Remarks.— The  ribs  of  the  central  area  are  perfectly  parallel,  sometimes  nearly  smooth, 
and  sometimes  armed  with  large  nodules  in  regular  series,  giving  them  the  appear- 
ance of  being  transversely  sulcate.  The  lateral  area,  in  most  of  my  specimens,  is 
smooth,  with  the  exception  of  two  or  three  impressed  lines  of  growth,  but  on  some  there 
are  numerous  spherical  tubercles,  placed  without  any  apparent  order.  As  these  are 
easily  removed,  I  think  it  probable  that  all  have  been  furnished  with  them,  but  that,  in 
general,  they  have  been  obliterated  by  attrition.  They  bear  some  resemblance  to  the 
remains  of  spines. 

This  well  marked  species  differs  in  its  sculpture  and  angulated  back  from  all  its 
congeners. 

This  shell  is  interesting  as  being  the  first  of  its  genus  found  in  a  fossil  state  in  this 
country.  I  believe  that  but  one,  the  C.  Grignonensis,  Lam.,  has  been  described  from  the 
Tertiary  of  Europe. 

The  third  figure  is  a  terminal  valve,  most  probably  from  a  young  specimen. 

GENUS  PATELLA. 
P.  ACINACES,  PL.  35.  FIG.  36. 

P.  testa  ovata,  valde  compressa,  falcatd,  depressd,  crassd,  striis  concentricis  parvis;  lineis  radiantibus  postice 
f/uatuor;  aperturd  lineari;  apice  angulato,  recto. 

Shell  ovate,  very  much  compressed,  falcate,  depressed,  thick,  with  small  concentric  stria:,  and  four  radiating  lines 
posteriorly,  mouth  linear;  apex  angular,  straight. 

Height  .15.  Length  .55.  Breadth  .10  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  apex  is  bent  forward  a  little,  and  somewhat  rounded.  Diverging  from 
it  posteriorly  are  four  elevated  lines,  two  on  each  side,  which  may  be  traced  to  the  base. 
The  aperture  is  very  narrow,  almost  acute  anteriorly  and  rounded  posteriorly.  The 
substance  of  the  shell  is  extremely  thick,  particularly  at  the  apex. 

It  is  not  without  some  hesitation  that  I  have  classed  this  little  shell  with  the  genus 
Patella.  Its  falcate,  compressed  shape  appears  hardly  to  belong  to  that  genus,  and  yet 
is  not  sufficient  to  found  a  new  one  on.  If,  however,  on  farther  examination,  it  should 
prove  distinct,  I  propose  the  name  of  Scaphidium*  for  it,  from  its  peculiar  canoe-like 
shape. 

FAMILY  CALYPTILBHLE. 

GENUS  CEMORIA  (LEACH.) 
C.  OBLONGA,  PL.  35.  FIG.  37. 

C.  testa  conicd,  sub-elevatd,  tenui,  diaphand,  costatd;  costis  longitudinalibus,  nodultferis,  alternantibiu ;  apice  pro- 
ducto,  incurvo,  anfractu  uno>  sinistrorsum  deflecto,  lavi;  foramine  elliptico;  aperturd  quadratd,  oblongd. 

*  A  SXOIJH&OC,  navigiolum. 


22  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 

Shell  conical,  somewhat  elevated,  thin,  diaphanous,  costate;  costs  longitudinal,  noduliferous,  alternate;  apex 
produced,  incurved,  with  one  whorl,  deflected  to  the  left;  foramen  elliptical;  aperture  quadrate,  oblong. 

Height  .04.  Length  .07.  Breadth  .05  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  nodules  on  the  ribs  are  placed  in  regular  series,  giving  the  effect 
of  cancellating  transverse  striae.  The  ribs  are  alternately  large  and  small,  which,  I 
believe,  is  the  case  with  all  our  fossil  species  of  these  shells.  The  foramen  is  widely 
elliptical,  approaching  to  circular,  and  placed  at  some  distance  posterior  to  the  apex. 
The  apex  is  large,  bent  to  the  left,  and  twisted  into  rather  more  than  one  whorl.  The 
shell  is  not  much  elevated. 

But  two  species  of  this  interesting  little  genus  have  been  hitherto  described.  One, 
the  C.  noachina,  Leach,  is  from  the  coast  of  Great  Britain,  the  other,  C.  princeps,  Mighels 
and  Adams,  from  that  of  New  England.  The  one  now  before  us  is,  I  believe,  the  first 
fossil  species.  It  differs  from  the  others  principally  in  its  minute  size,  the  absence  of  an 
internal  plate,  and  the  circular  form  of  the  foramen. 


GENUS  CALYPTR^EA. 

C.  PILEOLUS,  PL.  35.  FIG.  38. 

C.  testa  irregulariter  conic/I,  crassd,  sulcatd;  sulci s  radiantibus,  magnis,  irregularibus ;  strlis  concentricis,  par- 
vis;  apice  laevi,  contorto  anfractibus  duobus;  aperturd  sub-rotunda;  cyatho  magno,  lato,  angulato. 

Shell  irregularly  conical,  thick,  sulcate;  sulci  radiating,  large,  irregular;  concentric  striae  minute,  small;  apex 
smooth,  twisted  into  two  whorls;  aperture  sub-rotund;  cyathus  large,  wide,  angular. 

Diam.  .80.  Height  .40  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — This  species  varies  very  much  both  in  outline  and  height,  some  specimens 
being  nearly  flat,  while  in  others  the  perpendicular  distance  from  the  apex  to  the  base  is 
nearly  as  great  as  the  diameter.  The  cyathus  is  large,  bent  at  a  right  angle,  and  fast- 
ened to  the  sides  of  the  shell  by  the  two  edges.  The  sulci  vary  very  much  in  different 
specimens,  both  as  to  number  and  size. 

In  general  outline,  this  shell  is  not  unlike  the  Dispotsea  costata,  Say,  but  the  form  of 
the  cyathus  separates  it  from  the  Dispota3se,  and  it  also  differs  in  proportionate  height. 
Young  specimens  are  not  unlike,  in  external  appearance,  the  Infundibulum  concentri- 
cum,  herein  described,  as  nearly  the  upper  half  of  the  shell  is  smooth. 

The  peculiar  voluted  form  of  the  apex,  which  may  also  be  observed  in  the  Dispotsea 
costata,  Say,  and  D.  ramosa,  Con.,  would  almost  seem  to  entitle  them  to  a  separate  division, 
were  it  not  that  in  this  family  the  form  of  the  shells  is  by  no  means  a  criterion  for  that 
of  the  animal,  and  therefore,  until  the  latter  has  been  examined,  no  separations  should 
be  made.  M.  Lesson  and  Mr.  Owen,  who  have  dissected  the  inhabitants  of  these  shells, 
both  say  that  the  difference  between  the  animal  of  Calyptrsea  and  Crepidula  is  by  no 
means  sufficient  to  establish  a  generic  distinction.  Mr.  Owen,  in  a  paper  read  before 
the  Zoological  Society,  observes,  "  The  soft  parts  of  Crepidula  are  the  same  with  those 
of  Calyptraa,  in  all  essential  points  of  structure,  differing  only  in  the  proportionate  extent 
of  the  anterior  part  of  the  foot,  and  dorsal  groove  of  the  mantle."  M.  Lesson,*  as  quoted 


*  Zoologie  de  la  Coquille,  Tom.  II.  p.  388. 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA.  23 

by  Mr.  Broderip,  says,  "  L'animal  des  Calyptrees  et  des  Crepidules  nous  parait  ne  dif- 
ferer  en  rien  d'essentiel ;  et  quant  a  la  cloison  du  test,  soit  que  cette  cloison  soit  trans- 
versale,  soit  qu  'elle  ne  consiste  qu  'en  lamelles  anexees  au  fond  de  la  coquille,  elle  pre- 
sente  des  passages  de  ces  deux  etats,  et  ne  peut  servir  qu  'a  etablir  des  simples  sous- 
genres,  au  grand  genre  Calyptrsea  ou  Crepidula  comme  on  voudrait  1'appeler."  I  have 
therefore  put  the  following  shells  as  merely  in  sub-genera. 

SUB-GENUS  INFUNDIBULUM  (DE  MONTFORT.) 
I.  CONCENTRICUM,  PL.  35.  FIG.  39. 

1,  testa  patdliformi,  deprcsso-ccmicd,  tenui,  simplici;  lineis  minutis  concentricis;  apice  centrali,  anfractu  parvo  uno;  aper- 
turd  sub-rotunda;  cyatho  recto,  varice  marginato. 

Shell  patclliforra,  depressed-conical,  thin,  simple;  with  minute  concentric  lines;  apex  central,  with  one  small 
whorl;  aperture  sub-rotund;  cyathus  straight,  margined  with  a  varix. 

Diam.  .22.  Height  .09  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — This  shell  is  entirely  simple  and  patelliform,  with  the  exception  of  one 
small  whorl  at  the  apex.  The  cyathus  is  flat  and  straight,  extending  from  the  centre  to 
the  margin,  with  a  thick  varix  at  its  outer  edge. 

The  only  Infundibulum,  to  which  this  is  allied,  is  the  I.  centrale,  Con.,  but  that 
species  is  described  as  ovate,  while  this  is  conical,  or  even  slightly  concave. 

This  is  one  of  the  shells  that  show  the  gradual  passage  from  the  Infundibulum  to  the 
Crepidula,  and  the  propriety  of  uniting  these  genera.  Its  want  of  whorls,  and  the  con- 
centric lines  of  growth,  seem  to  place  it  in  the  Calyptrseee,  while  the  cyathus  constitutes 
it  an  Infundibulum. 

SUB-GENUS  CREPIDULA. 
C.  PONDEROSA,  PL.  35.  FIG.  40. 

C.  testa  sub-globosd,  crassissimd,  ponderosd,  convolutd,  rugosd;  sulco  prope  suturam  lato,  minime  prof  undo;  suturd  parvd; 
apice  vohtto,  rotundato,  anfractibus  sesqui;  aperturd  arctato  ellipticd;  cyatho  crassissimo,  undulato,  acie  Jlexuosd,  vix  aperturte 
dimidiam  aquante. 

Shell  sub-globose,  very  thick,  ponderous,  whorled,  rugose;  with  a  wide,  shallow  sulcation  near  the  suture;  suture 
small;  apex  voluted,  rounded,  with  a  whorl  and  a  half;  mouth  narrow-elliptical;  cyathus  very  thick,  undulate,  with 
a  flexuose  edge;  scarcely  half  the  length  of  the  mouth. 

Height  1.15.  Length  1.90.  Breadth  1.50  inches. 

Remarks. — There  are  occasional  irregular  lines  of  growth  over  the  surface.  The  sul- 
cation near  the  suture  is  sometimes  scarcely  perceptible.  It  usually  continues  for  about 
one  third  of  a  whorl  from  the  aperture,  and  then  becomes  obsolete.  The  mouth  is  some- 
times very  small  and  nearly  round.  The  cyathus  is  extremely  solid  with  two  depres- 
sions on  its  surface  and  a  waved  edge.  It  is  deeply  set  in  the  shell,  and  disappears 
gradually  into  the  sides,  so  that  its  margin  cannot  be  traced.  The  apex  is  more  voluted 
than  in  any  species  of  Crepidula  that  I  have  met  with. 

This  fine  shell  has,  most  probably,  been  heretofore  confounded  with  the  C.  costata, 
Morton,  as  it  is  too  common  and  too  conspicuous  to  have  escaped  observation,  and  as  there 
are  specimens  of  both  under  that  name  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
F 


24  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 

Sciences;  but  our  shell  is  much  larger,  more  ponderous,  with  the  apex  more  twisted,  and 
without  the  spines  of  the  C.  costata.  I  have  a  number  of  specimens  of  each  now  before 
me,  and  I  find  that  these  characters  obtain  at  all  ages. 

C.  CORNUCOPIA,  PL.  35.  FIG.  41. 

C.  testa  valde  tlevatd  et  convexa,  Itevi,  polild,  crastd;  apice  termmali.  valde  producto,  votuto,  superne  sub-angulato, 
tinislrorsum  deflexo;  aperturd  parvd,  ovatd;  cyatho  profundo,  piano,  acie  curvo. 

Shell  much  elevated,  very  convex,  smooth,  polished,  thick;  apex  terminal,  very  much  produced,  whorled,  some- 
what angular  above,  turned  to  the  left;  aperture  small,  ovate;  cyathus  deep,  flat,  with  the  margin  curved. 

Height  .16.  Length  .30.  Breadth  .18  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  apex  is  very  far  removed  from  the  margin  of  the  mouth;  it  is  slightly 
turned  to  the  left,  and  has  about  half  a  volution.  The  aperture  is  ovate,  approaching  to 
elliptical.  The  cyathus  is  situated  deep  in  the  shell,  so  that  there  is  a  large  cavity  under 
the  apex.  It  is  perfectly  flat,  and  its  outer  margin  has  a  gentle  and  regular  incised  curve. 

I  at  first  considered  this  curious  little  shell  as  identical  with  the  C.  convexa,  Say,  but 
the  differences  in  the  apex  and  cyathus  render  the  separation  necessary. 

C.  LAMINA,  PL.  35.  FIG.  42. 

C.  testa,  discoidale,  planissima,  tenui.  leevi;  apice  elevato,  polilo,  sinistrorsum  deflexo,  anfractibus  sesqui;  aperturd 
magnd,  subrolundd;  cyatho  parvo,  tenui,  convexo. 

Shell  discoidal,  very  flat,  thin,  smooth;  apex  elevated,  polished,  deflected  to  the  left,  with  a  whorl  and  a  half; 
aperture  large,  subrotund;  cyathus  small,  thin,  convex. 

Height  .03.  Length  .18.  Breadth  .15  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  most  peculiar  character  in  the  species  now  before  us,  is  in  the  shape 
of  the  apex.  This  is  perfectly  smooth  and  polished,  rising  suddenly  from  the  flat  back 
of  the  shell,  and  twisted  into  about  a  whorl  and  a  half.  The  margin  of  the  mouth 
projects  anteriorly  beyond  it,  so  that  it  is  invisible  on  a  front  view.  There  are  small 
concentric  lines  of  growth  aver  the  surface  of  the  shell.  The  cyathus  is  slightly  and 
regularly  convex. 

When  very  young,  this  species,  from  the  peculiar  formation  of  the  apex,  has  a  striking 
resemblance  to  a  small  Natica,  and  I  have  been  for  some  time  in  doubt  as  to  what  genus 
a  specimen  of  that  age  belonged. 

This  shell  is  closely  allied  to  the  C.  plana,  Say,  but  the  peculiar  apex  and  nearly  flat 
cyathus  at  once  distinguish  it. 


FAMILY  BULL^ID^E. 

GENUS    BULLA. 
B.  CYLINDRUS,  PL.  35.  FTG.  43. 

•B.  testd  lub-ellipticd,  superne  et  inferne  acuminatd,  crassd,  politd,  itriata;  spird  umbilicatd;  anfractu  ultimo  ad 
basim  et  apicem  ttriato;  aperturd  falcatd,  inferne  laid;  columellii  refiecla. 

Shell  subelliptical,  acuminate  above  and  below,  thick,  polished,  striate;  spire  umbilicate;  last  whorl  etriate  at  the 
base  and  apex;  mouth  falcate,  wide  below;  columella  reflected. 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA.  25 

Length  .21.  Breadth  .10  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — Although  this  shell  has  no  very  peculiar  characters,  yet  I  cannot  refer  it 
to  any  described  species.  One  or  two  species,  the  B.  St.  Hillairii  and  Dekayi,  from 
Claiborne,  are  somewhat  allied  to  it,  but  they  are  not  identical. 


FAMILY   MELANID.E. 

GENUS   PASITHEA,  (LEA.) 
P.  EXARATA,  PL.  35.  FIG.  44. 

P.  testa  subulatd,  acuminatd,  crassd,  imperforatd,  nitente,  costata;  spird  valde  atlenuala,  mamillata,  ad  apicem  letvi: 
suturis  profundis,  excavatis;  anfractibus  quindecim,  planulatis,  costis  oblique  longitudinalibus  crebris  planis;  an- 
fraclu  ultimo  angulato;  bast  laoi,  politd;  aperturd  parvd,  sub-quadratd,  sub-effusa. 

Shell  subulate,  acuminate,  thick,  imperforate,  shining,  costate;  spire  very  attenuate,  mamillate,  smooth  at  the 
apex,  sutures  deep,  excavated;  whorls  fifteen,  flattened,  with  numerous  fiat  obliquely  longitudinal  ribs;  last  whorl 
angulate;  base  smooth,  polished;  mouth  small,  sub-quadrate,  somewhat  effuse. 

Length  .35.  Breadth  .07  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  ribs  are  slightly  oblique.  They  disappear  at  both  sutures,  which  are 
triangular,  smooth  and  deep.  They  extend,  on  the  last  whorl  no  farther  than  the  angle, 
leaving  the  base  perfectly  smooth.  The  mouth  is  ovately  quadrate,  with  sharp  angles 
where  the  columella  and  outer  lip  join  the  preceding  whorls. 

This  shell  appears  to  resemble  the  Turritella  laqueata,  Con.,  but  its  larger  size,  mami- 
late  apex,  and  angular  mouth  serve  to  distinguish  it  from  that  species. 

P.  STJBULA,  PL.  35.  FIG.  45. 

P.  testa  subulata,  crassd,  imperforatd,  costata,  striata;  spird  attenuatd,  obtusd,  mamillata,  ad  apicem  polita;  suturis 
profundis;  anfractibus  oclo,  contexts;  costis  longitudinalibus  magnis,  crebris,  prope  basim  obsoletis,  planulatis,  Ics- 
vibus;  striis  transversis,  parvis,  crebris,  interruptis;  ultimo  anfractu  rotundato;  basi  l<evi;  aperturd  arctatd,  ellipticd, 
sulieffusa. 

Shell  subulate,  thick,  imperforate,  costate,  striate;  spire  attenuate,  obtuse,  mamillate,  polished  at  the  apex:  sutures 
deep;  whorls  eight,  convex;  costse  longitudinal,  large,  numerous,  obsolete  near  the  base,  flattened,  smooth;  striae  trans- 
verse, small,  numerous,  interrupted;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  smooth;  mouth  narrow,  elliptical,  sub-effuse. 

Length  .18.  Breadth  .05  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  costse  continue  almost  to  the  base,  when  they  disappear  suddenly, 
leaving  a  small  place  smooth  immediately  behind  the  columella.  The  first  whorl  of  the 
spire  is  round,  somewhat  twisted,  smooth  and  polished,  forming  a  remarkable  marnelon. 
•The  transverse  striae  are  very  small  and  do  not  cross  the  costfe.  The  mouth  is  slightly 
angular  above,  and  somewhat  effuse  at  base. 

This  shell  attains  a  greater  size  than  that  given  above.  I  have  several  fragments  of 
much  larger  specimens. 

P.  EBURNEA,  PL.  35.  FIG.  46. 

P.  testa  subulata,  elongatd,  tenui,  politd,  sub-perforatd.  costatti,  striata;  spird  attenuatd,  mamillatti.  conicd;  suluris 
linearibus,  imprtssis;  anfractibus  duoJecim,  sub-convexis;  cottis  longitudinalibus,  magnis,  plants,  lavibus;  prope 
suturam  superiorem  striis  transversalibus  parvis,  crebris;  prope  suturam  inferinrem  striis  transversalibus  magnis. 
raris;  anfractu  ultimo  rotundato;  basi  striata;  pe'foratione  pene  obsoletd;  aperturd  ovatd. 


26  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 

Shell  subulate,  elongated,  thin,  polished,  sub-perforate,  costate,  striate;  spire  attenuate,  mamillate,  conical;  sutures 
linear,  impressed;  whorls  twelve,  slightly  convex;  ribs  longitudinal,  large,  flat,  smooth;  strite  transverse,  near  the 
upper  suture  small  and  numerous,  near  the  lower  suture  large  and  unfrequent;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  striate;  per- 
foration almost  obsolete;  mouth  ovate. 

Length  .41.  Breadth  .10  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  transverse  strise  do  not  cross  the  ribs,  which  are  perfectly  smooth  and 
polished.  The  whorls  are  divided  about  the  middle  by  a  deep  impressed  line.  Above 
it  is  a  series  of  close,  small  striae;  below  it  the  striae  are  larger  and  more  distant.  On  the 
body  whorl  they  end  at  a  rather  deeper  line  about  the  middle.  Here  also  the  ribs  end, 
and  there  is  a  smooth  space  before  the  strife  of  the  base  commence.  These  are  rather 
large  and  not  numerous.  The  mouth  is  acutely  angular  above  and  rounded  below. 
The  outer  lip  is  sharp. 

This  elegant  little  shell  is  remarkable  for  its  ivory-like  appearance.  The  peculiar 
arrangement  of  its  transverse  striae  distinguishes  it  from  all  other  species. 

P.  L^EVIGATA,  PL.  35.  FIG.  47. 

P.  testa  elevalo-conicd,  acuminatii,  imperforatd,  crassd,  Itsvi,  eburned,  nitente;  spird  attenuatd,  conicd,  acutd;  su- 
turis linearibus,  minimis ;  anfractibus ,  plant's;  anfraclu  ultimo  sub-angulato;  basilcevi;  aperturd  oblique  quad- 
rilateral!, superne  et  inferne  acute  angulatn,  effusd. 

Shell  elevated-conical,  acuminate,  imperforate,  thick,  smooth,  ivory-like,  shining;  spire  attenuate,  conical,  acute; 
sutures  linear,  very  small,  whorls flat;  last  whorl  somewhat  angular;  base  smooth;  aperture  obliquely  quadri- 
lateral, acutely  angular  above  and  below;  effuse. 

Length  .08.  Breadth  .10  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  whorls  are  perfectly  flat,  so  that  the  outlines  of  the  spire  are  straight. 
The  surface  of  the  shell  is  remarkably  smooth  and  shining. 

In  my  largest  specimen  the  lower  whorls  have  been  broken  off,  so  that  I  am  unable  to 
give  their  number.  This  fragment,  however,  has  about  eleven. 

This  shell  bears  some  resemblance  to  the  P.  aciculata,  Lea,  from  Claiborne,  but  it 
may  readily  be  distinguished  by  its  larger  size,  less  attenuate  shape,  and  flatter  whorls. 

P.  OVULUM,  PL.  35.  FIG.  48. 

P.  teitd  ovatd,  sub-elongatd,  tenui,  imperforatd,  Item,  nitente;  spird  breviusculd,  ovatd,  obtusd;  suturis  profundis, 
linearibus;  anfractibus  quatuor.  convexis;  anfraclu  ultimo  rotundato;  bast  l<evi;  aperturd  ovatd;  columelld  crassd,  latd; 
l&vi. 

Shell  ovate,  somewhat  elongate,  thin,  imperforate,  smooth,  shining;  spire  rather  short,  ovate,  obtuse;  sutures  deep, 
linear;  whorls  four,  convex;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  smooth;  mouth  ovate;  columella  thick,  wide,  smooth. 

Length  .15.  Breadth  .08  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  mouth  is  angular  above  and  rounded  below.  The  sutures  are  deep, 
owing  to  a  slight  conical  depression  of  the  whorls  immediately  at  their  junction  with 
those  above. 

I  know  no  species  to  which  the  above  is  allied. 

P.  DUPHANA,  PL.  35.  FIG.  49. 

P.  testa  ovato-elongatd,  acuminatii,  tenui,  sub-perforatd,  diaphand,  striatd;  spird  subattenuatd,  mamillatd;  suturis 
impressis,  linearibus;  anfractibus  sex,  convexis;  striis  minutis,  transve r salibus ;  anfraclu  ultimo  rotundaln;  bast 
striatd;  aperlurd  elongato-quadratd,  sub-effuta. 


FROM  TflE  TERTIARY  OP  VIRGINIA*  27 

'Shell  orately  elongate,  acuminate,  thin,  sub-perforate,  diaphanous,  striate;  spire  somewhat  attenuate,  mamillate,- 
•sutures  impressed,  linear;  whorls  six,  convex;  striae  transverse,  minute;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  striate;  mouth 
elongately-qnadrate,  sub-effuse. 

Length  .22.  Breadth  .10  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  striae  are  very  small  and  only  to  be  seen  with  the  aid  of  a  microscope. 
The  shell  is  very  thin, — so  much  so  as  to  be  somewhat  translucent.  The  mouth  is 
angular  above  and  below.  There  is  a  slight  angle  on  the  superior  part  of  the  whorls, 
immediately  below  the  upper  suture. 

This  pretty  little  shell  has  no  decided  resemblance  to  any  of  our  fossil  species.  P. 
sulcata,  Lea,  approaches  it  more  nearly  than  any  other. 

P.  TURBINOPSIS,  PL.  35.  FIG.  50. 

P.  testa  ovato-conoided,  sub-elevatd,  tenui,  lavi,  imperforata;  spira  breviuscula,  rotundatd,  oblusd;  suluris  pro- 
fundis;  anfractibus  quatuor,  convexis,  propS  snturam  superiorem  sub-canaliculatis ;  anfractu  ultimo  rotundato;  basi 
lasvi;  aperturd  magna,  sub-rotunda. 

Shell  ovately  conoidal,  somewhat  elevated,  thin,  smooth,  imperforate;  spire  rather  short,  rounded,  obtuse;  sutures 
deep;  whorls  four,  convex,  sub-canaliculate  near  tie  upper  suture;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  smooth;  mouth  large, 
sub-rotund. 

Length  .10.  Breadth  .05  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  whorls  have  a  small  angle  immediately  at  the  upper  suture,  which 
gives  them  somewhat  the  appearance  of  being  channelled.  The  mouth  is  oblique, 
nearly  round,  and  has  the  lower  margin  produced  obliquely,  below  the  inner  lip. 

I  have  felt  some  doubts  in  placing  this  shell  among  the  Pasitheae,  as  it  hardly  has 
the  effuse  mouth  of  that  genus,  but  its  characters  seem  to  agree  better  with  it  than  with 
any  other. 

This  little  shell  resembles  some  of  our  recent  species  of  Amnicola; — it  also  approaches 
the  Turbo  minutus,  Totten  (Cingula  minuta,  Gould,)  but  it  is  more  globose  and  differs 
in  size. 

P.  ORNATA. 

P.  testa  ovato-subnlatd,  crassd,  sub-perforatd,  costatd,  striatd;  spira  elevatd,  mamillatd,  prOpe  apicem  lavi;  suluris 
linearibus;  anfractibus  quinque,  valde  convexis;  costis  transversalibus,  latis,  politis;  striis  longitudinalibus,  minu- 
tissimis;  anfractu  ultimo  rotundato ;  basi  costulatd;  perforatione  pene  obsoletd;  apertura  ovatd,  effusa. 

Shell  ovately  subulate,  thick,  sub-perforate,  costate,  striate;  spire  elevated,  mamillate,  smooth  near  the  apex ;  su- 
tures linear;  whorls  five,  very  convex;  costae  transverse,  wide,  polished;  striae  longitudinal,  very  minute;  last  whorl 
rounded;  base  costulate;  perforation  almost  obsolete;  mouth  ovate,  effuse. 

Length Breadth 

Remarks. — On  the  upper  whorls  the  costae  are  five  in  number,  on  the  last  one  they  are 
much  more  numerous.  Those  on  the  base  are  smaller  and  closer  together.  Near  the 
lower  sutures,  on  the  whorl  next  the  last,  is  a  rib  larger  than  the  rest,  with  an  impressed 
line  in  its  centre,  making  a  kind  of  double  rib.  It  may  be  traced  round  the  middle  of 
the  last  whorl.  As  I  have  but  one  specimen  before  me,  I  cannot  decide  whether  this  is 
a  general  character  or  not.  The  longitudinal  stria?  are  only  to  be  seen  in  the  intervals 
of  the  ribs.  They  are  very  small  and  sometimes  disappear.* 

*  I  unfortunately  lost  my  only  specimen  of  this  shell  after  describing,  but  before  measuring  or  making  a  drawing 
of  it.    I  am,  therefore,  unable  to  give  either  the  dimensions  or  a  figure.    It  was,  however,  not  more  than  a  quarter 
of  an  inch  in  length,  at  the  utmost. 
G 


28  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 

FAMILY  NERITnm 

GENUS  NATICA. 
N.  APERTA,  PL.  36.  FIG.  51. 

N.  testa  oblique  ellipticd,  teuui,  costulatd,  sub-striatd,  perforatd;  spird  depressd,  ovatd,  obtusd,  prope  apicem  leevi; 
suturis  parvis,  linearibus;  anfractibus  quatuor,  convexis;  costulis  transversalibus,  crebris,  plants,  quadrangularibus; 
striis  longitudinalibus,  minutissimis ;  anfractu  ultimo  ovato;  basi  oblique  costulatd;  perforations  parvd,  angustd; 
aperturd  maxima,  supernd  sinuald,  in/erne  ellipticd. 

Shell  obliquely  elliptical,  thin,  costulate,  sub-striate,  perforate;  spire  depressed,  ovate,  obtuse,  smooth  near  the 
apex;  sutures  small,  linear;  whorls  four,  convex;  costulse  numerous,. transverse,  quadrangular,  flat;  striae  longitudinal, 
very  small;  last  whorl  ovate;  base  obliquely  costulate;  perforation  small,  narrow;  mouth  very  large,  sinuate  above, 
elliptical  below. 

Length  .70.  Breadth  .62  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  costulse  are  small,  wider  than  the  spaces  between  them,  and  very 
numerous.  The  longitudinal  lines  of  growth  are  exceedingly  minute ;  so  much  so  as  to 
be  invisible  to  the  naked  eye.  Both  ribs  and  striae  become  obsolete  on  the  upper  whorls, 
so  that  the  two  or  three  nearest  the  apex  are  smooth.  The  mouth  is  somewhat  lunate, 
contracted  above  and  expanded  below.  The  umbilicus  is  small,  and  nearly  concealed 
by  the  columella. 

This  shell,  is  closely  allied  to  the  N.  fragilis,  Conrad,  and  it  is  with  some  hesitation 
that  I  separate  it.  It,  however,  differs  in  the  ribs,  the  umbilicus,  and  the  shape  of  the 
mouth. 

N.  SPH.ERITLUS,  PL.  36.  FIG.  52. 

A',  testa  globoso-acuminatd,  obliqud,  tenui,  leevi,  politd,  imperforata;  spird  breviusculd,  sub-conicd,  acutd;  suturis 
panis,  impressis;  anfraclibus  qualuor,  sub-convexis;  anfractu  ultimo  rotundato;  basi  lavi;  umbilico  occulto;  caHo 
semicirculari,  lined  impressd  marginato;  aperturd  semi-ovatd;  columella  recta,  superne  incrassatd. 

Shell  globosely  acuminate,  oblique,  thin,  smooth,  polished,  imperforate;  spire  rather  short,  sub-conical,  acute;  su- 
tures small,  impressed;  whorls  four,  somewhat  convex;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  smooth;  umbilicus  hidden;  callus 
semicircular,  margined  by  an  impressed  line;  mouth  semi-ovate;  columella  straight,  incrassated  above. 

Length  .12.  Breadth  .11  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — This  shell  is  too  small  and  perfect  to  be  the  young  of  so  large  a  species  as 
N.  duplicata,  which  it  resembles.  Out  of  twenty  or  thirty  specimens  the  admeasure- 
ments given  above  were  the  largest,  the  others  decreasing  to  a  size  scarcely  visible  with- 
out a  microscope.  The  only  other  species  to  which  it  is  allied  is  the  N.  percallosa, 
Conrad,  but  the  small  size  and  more  elevated  spire  distinguish  it. 

N.  CRASSILABRUM,  PL.  36.  FIG.  53. 

A',  testa  transverse  ellipticd,  depressd,  crassd,  lesvi,  politd,  imperforata;  spird  conica,  obtusd,  ualde  depressd;  suluris 
profundis,  linearibus;  anfractibus  quatuor,  convexis,  superne  planulatis;  anfractu  ultimo  rotundato;  basilavi;  um- 
bilico occulto,  parvo;  aperturd  sub-rotunda;  labro  superne  valde  incrassato. 

Shell  transversely  elliptical,  depressed,  thick,  smooth,  polished,  imperforate;  spire  conical,  obtuse,  very  much  de- 
pressed; sutures  deep,  linear;  whorls  four,  convex,  flattened  above;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  smooth;  umbilicus 
hidden,  small ;  mouth  sub-rotund;  outer  lip  much  thickened  above. 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA.  29 

Length  .16.  Breadth  .25  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  flattened  whorls  and  incrassated  outer  lip  at  once  distinguish  this 
shell  from  all  its  congeners. 


FAMILY  PLICACHLE. 
GENUS  ACTEON. 

A.  GRANULATUS,  Pi.  36.  FlG.  54. 

A.  testa  subulatd,  crassd,  sub-perforatd,  noduloso-costatd;  spird  elevatd,  obtusd,  mamillatd,  ad  apicem  politd ;  suturis  im- 
pressis;  anfractibus  sex,  convexis;  costis  transversalibus,  planis,  regulariter  nodulosis,  und  lavi  prope  suturam  inferiorem; 
anfractu  ultimo  rotundato;  perforation*  minima;  basi  costatd;  aperturd  ovatd,  superne  angulatd,  sub-effusd;  plied  columellari 
magnd,  acutd. 

Shell  subulate,  thick,  sub-perforate,  nodulously  costate;  spire  elevated,  obtuse,  mamillate,  polished  at  the  apex'; 
sutures  impressed;  whorls  six,  convex;  ribs  transverse,  flat,  regularly  nodulous,  a  smooth  one  near  the  lower  suture; 
last  whorl  rounded;  base  costate;  perforation  very  small;  mouth  ovate,  angular  above,  somewhat  effuse;  fold  on  the 
columella  large,  acute. 

Length  .18.  Breadth  .08  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  nodules  on  the  ribs  are  small  and  in  regular  order,  giving  the  shell  a 
granulate  and  cancellated  appearance.  The  fold  on  the  columella  is  placed  about  the 
middle,  and  is  quite  large.  The  mouth  is  rounded  below  and  acutely  angular  above.  On 
the  body  whorl  the  ribs  are  about  eight  in  number,  while  there  are  five  on  those  of  the 
spire.  The  basal  costse  are  smooth  and  smaller. 

Judging  from  description,  this  shell  is  not  unlike  A.  pomilius  and  A.  idoneus,  Conrad; 
but  may  be  distinguished  by  the  perforation,  mamillate  apex,  and  the  smooth  rib  near 
the  lower  suture. 

A.  GLOBOSITS,  PL.  36.  FIG.  55. 

A.  testa  ovatd,  crassd,  cancellatd,  umbilicatd;  spird  brcvi,  ad  apicem  leevi  et  politd;  suturis  pan-is;  anfractibus  tribus,  con- 
vexis, rapide  crescentibus,  supra  planulatis;  costis  octo,  transversis,  magnis;  striis  longitudinalibus,  parvis,  irregularibus; 
anfractu  ultimo  rotundato;  basi  cancellatd;  umbilico  magno;  aperturd  magnd,  sub-ellipticd;  columella  recta;  plica  columellari 
magnd,  acutd. 

Shell  ovate,  thick,  cancellate,  umbilicate;  spire  short,  smooth  and  polished  at  the  apex;  sutures  small;  whorls 
three,  rapidly  increasing,  convex,  flattened  above;  costas  eight,  transverse,  large;  striae  longitudinal,  small,  irregular ; 
last  whorl  rounded ;  base  cancellate;  umbilicus  large;  aperture  large,  sub.elliptical;  columella  straight;  fold  on  the 
columella  large,  acute. 

Length  .10.  Breadth  .08  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  longitudinal  striae  occasionally  do  not  cross  the  ribs,  which,  in.  that 
case,  are  rounded  and  polished.  The  mouth  is  somewhat  semicircular,  with  the  colu- 
mella for  a  base.  On  the  upper  whorls  there  are  but  four  ribs,  the  rest  being  concealed 
by  the  succeeding  growth.  About  a  whorl  and  a  half  near  the  apex,  are  perfectly 
smooth. 

This  is  a  very  pretty  little  shell,  and  bears  no  decided  resemblance  to  any  of  our  fossil 
species.  It  is  unusually  globose  for  an  Acteon,  but  can.  hardly  be  placed  in  the  kindred 
genus  Tornatelfa, 


30  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 

A.    TURBINATUS,    PL.  36.    FlG.  56. 

A.  testa  ovato-conica,  crassd,  lam,  sub-perforatd;  spira  breviusculd,  conicd,  obtusa;  suturis  part-is,  linearibus;  anfractibus 
quinque,  planulatis;  anfraetu  ultimo  sub-angulato;  basi  ten;  perforations  minima;  apertura  ovatd,  sub-effusd;  plica  columellari 
magnd,  acutd. 

Shell  ovately  conical,  thick,  smooth,  sub-perforate ;  spire  rather  short,  conical,  obtuse;  sutures  small,  linear;  whorls 
five,  flattened;  last  whorl  somewhat  angular;  base  smooth;  perforation  very  small;  mouth  ovate,  sub-effuse;  fold  on 
the  columeila  large,  acute. 

Length  .12.  Breadth  .08  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  fold  on  the  columeila  is  placed  about  the  middle.  It  can  scarcely  be 
seen  on  a  front  view;  but  when  the  shell  is  placed  obliquely,  it  appears  very  large.  The 
mouth  is  acutely  angular  above,  and  rounded  and  somewhat  effuse  below.  On  one 
specimen  I  have  observed  a  small  impressed  transverse  line  near  the  upper  suture,  but 
my  other  ones  want  it. 

This  little  shell,  though  without  any  conspicuous  characteristics,  does  not  resemble 
any  of  our  described  species. 

A.  ANGULATITS,  PL.  36.  FIG.  57. 

A.  testa  tubulatd,  inferne  ovatd,  crowd,  imperforatd,  lavi',  spira  attenuatd,  conicd,  mamillatd;  suturis  prof tindis ;  anfrac~ 
tibus  sex,  planulatis,  prope  suturam  inferiorem  angulatis;  anfraetu  ultimo  angulato;  basi  lavi;  apertura  parvd,  subcllipticd; 
plied  columellari  obtusd,  obliqua. 

Shell  subulate,  ovate  below,  thick,  imperforate,  smooth;  spire  attenuate,  conical,  mamillate;  sutures  deep;  whorls 
six,  flattened,  angulate  near  the  lower  suture;  last  whorl  angular;  base  smooth;  mouth  small,  sub-elliptical;  ibid  on 
the  columeila  obtuse,  oblique. 

Length  .12.  Breadth  .05  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  mouth  is  nearly  elliptical.  The  angle  on  the  lower  part  of  the 
whorls  is  only  visible  on  the  inferior  ones.  Nearer  the  apex,  it  becomes  obsolete,  or  is 
covered  by  the  succeeding  whorls. 

This  shell  is  not  unlike  the  A.  melanellus,  Lea,  but  differs  from  that  species  in  the 
angular  whorls,  smaller  size,  and  want  of  an  umbilicus. 

A.  GLANS,  PL.  36.  FIG.  58. 

A.  testd  tub-ovatd,  tenui,  imperforatd,  lavi,  glabrd;  spird  ovato-conica,  brevi,  mamillatd;  tuturis  profundis;  anfractibus 
quatuor,  minime  convexis,  ad  suturam  superiorem  sub-canaliculatis;  anfraetu  ultimo  rotundato;  basi  levi;  apertura  ovatd. 
voids,  effusd;  plied  columellari  parvd,  obliqud. 

Shell  sub-ovate,  thin,  imperforate,  smooth,  glabrous;  spire  ovately-conical,  short,  mamillate ;  sutures  deep;  whorls 
four,  very  slightly  convex,  sub-canaliculate  at  the  upper  suture;  last  whorl  rounded ;  base  smooth;  mouth  ovate,  very 
effuse;  fold  on  the  columeila  small,  oblique. 

Length  .10.  Breadth  .05  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  mouth  is  very  effuse  below ;  so  much  so,  indeed,  that  it  appears  to 
have  the  rudiments  of  a  canal.  It  is  acutely  angular  above.  The  fold  on  the  columeila 
is  obtuse,  rising  abruptly  on  the  upper  part  and  declining  gradually  on  the  lower. 

This  little  shell,  from  its  ovate  outline,  and  the  form  of  its  fold,  should  perhaps  be 
placed  in  the  Tornatella,  but  the  limits  of  these  two  genera  are  so  indistinct  that  it  is 
difficult  to  decide  where  the  boundary  between  them  exists.  I  have  felt  the  same  doubt 
with  respect  to  several  of  the  following  species,  as  the  A.  sculptus,  nitens,  &c. 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA..  31 


A.  SCULPTOS,  PL.  36.  FIG.  59. 

A.  tcstd  oi'ato-acuminatd,  crassd,  sub-perforatd,  cancellatd;  spird  brcvi,  cornea,  mamillatd,  ad  apicem  lavi;  suturis  profundis; 
anfractibus  q'linque,  convexis,  ad  suturam  stiperiorem  sub-canaliculatis ;  striis  transwrsis,  crebris,  magnis;  sulcis  longitudi- 
nalibus.  parvis,  prope  suturam  infcriorcm  obsoktis;  anfractu  ultimo  rotundato;  basi  striatd;  perforatione  minima;  apertura 
ovatd,  cffusd;  plica  columellari  obliqud,  obtusd. 

Shell  ovate-acuminate,  thick,  sub-perforate,  cancellate;  spire  short,  conical,  mamillate,  smooth  at  the  apex;  sutures 
deep;  whorls  five,  convex,  sub-canaliculate  near  the  upper  sutures;  strife  transverse,  numerous,  large;  sulci  longitu- 
dinal, small,  nearly  obsolete  at  the  lower  suture;  last  whorl  rounded ;  base  striate;  perforation  very  small;  mouth  ovate, 
effuse;  fold  on  the  columella  oblique,  obtuse. 

Length  .11.  Breadth  .05  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  transverse  striae  are  extremely  numerous.  Near  the  base  they  be- 
come alternate.  The  longitudinal  sulcations  are  small;  they  are  very  perceptible  near 
the  superior  suture,  but  gradually  become  obsolete  as  rhey  approach  the  lower  part  of 
the  whorls.  The  perforation  is  extremely  minute, — so  much  so  as  to  be  almost  obsolete. 
The  margin  of  the  mouth  is  continuous  round  the  inner  lip.  This  character  is  wanting 
in  young  and  unfinished  specimens.  The  fold  on  the  columella  can  scarcely  be  seen  on 
a  front  view.  The  upper  side  of  it  is  perpendicular,  the  lower  very  oblique. 

This  shell  and  the  last  are  almost  too  bullate  to  be  classed  with  the  Acteons.  They 
may,  perhaps,  more  properly  belong  to  the  Tornatellae. 

A.  NITENS,  PL.  36.  FIG.  60. 

A.  testa  ovato-acuminatd,  crassd,  perforatd,  lavi,  polita;  spird  subulatd,  mamillata;  suturis  impressis,  profundis; 
anfractibus  quinque,  convexis;  anfractu  ultimo  rotundato;  basi  Itevi;  perforatione  parvd;  apertura  ovatd,  elongatd, 
ejfasu;  plica  columellari  obtusd,  crassd. 

Shell  ovate-acuminate,  thick,  perforate,  smooth,  polished;  spire  subulate,  mamillate;  sutures  impressed,  deep; 
whorls  five,  convex;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  smooth;  perforation  small;  mouth  ovate,  elongated,  effuse;  fold  on  the 
columella  obtuse,  thick. 

Length  .18.  Breadth  .10  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  mouth  is  large,  acute  above  and  rounded  and  effuse  below.  The  last 
whorl  expands  rather  suddenly  beyond  the  line  of  the  rest,  and  is  more  than  half  the 
length  of  the  shell.  The  fold  on  the  columella  is  broad  at  base,  but  slightly  elevated, 
and  obtuse.  The  surface  of  the  shell  is  remarkably  glabrous  and  shining. 

The  external  outline  has  more  the  aspect  of  a  Phasianella  than  that  of  an  Acteon.  I 
know  none  of  its  congeners  to  which  it  is  allied. 

A.  MILIUM,  PL.  36.  FIG.  61. 

A.  testa  ovato-conicd,  crassd,  perforatd,  slriatd,  polita;  spird  sub-attenuatd,  conicd,  obtusd,  ad  apicem  Itevi;  suturis 
linearibus,  impressis;  anfractibus  quinque,  planulalis;  striis  transversalibus,  raris,  impressis;  anfractu  ultimo  rotun- 
dato; basi  crebre  slriatd;  perforatione  parvd;  apertura  ovatd,  integrd;  plied  columellari  magnd,  aculd,  ad  basim  laid. 

Shell  ovately  conical,  thick,  perforate,  striate,  polished;  spire  somewhat  attenuate,  conical,  obtuse,  smooth  at  the 
apex;  sutures  linear,  impressed;  whorls  five,  flattened;  striae  transverse,  few,  impressed;  last  whorl  rounded;  base 
closely  striate;  perforation  small;  mouth  ovate,  entire;  fold  on  the  columella  large,  acute,  wide  at  base. 

Length  .10.  Breadth  .04  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — On  the  upper  whorls  the  stria?  are  three  in  number.     On  the  last  whorl 
they  are  much  more  numerous,  particularly  towards  the  base,  where   they  become 
H 


32  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 

smaller  and  closer.     The  mouth  is  not  effuse,  acutely  angular  above  and  rounded  below. 
The  fold  on  the  columella  is  unusually  large,  and  is  very  wide  at  base. 

The  only  species  of  Acteon,  with  which  this  little  shell  could  be  confounded,  is  the  A. 
melanoides,  Conrad,  but  its  smaller  size,  more  ovate  shape,  and  greater  number  of  striae 
on  the  body  whorl,  sufficiently  distinguish  it  from  that  species. 

A.  SIMPLEX,  PL.  36.  FIG.  62. 

A.  tettd  elevato-conicd,  acuminatd,  crassa,  l&vi,  perforatd;  spird  atlenuatd,  mamillatd;  suturis  excavatis,  prnfundis; 
anfractibus  sex,  plants,  ad  suturam  inferiorem  angulatis;  anfractu  ultimo  angulato;  basi  lavi;  perforations  parvuj 
aperturd  quadratd,  ejfusd;  plied  columellari  lamellari,  acutd. 

Shell  elevately  conical,  acuminate,  thick,  smooth,  perforate;  spire  attenuate,  mamillate;  sutures  excavated,  deep; 
whorls  six,  flat,  angulated  at  the  lower  suture;  last  whorl  angular;  base  smooth;  perforation  small;  mouth  quadrate, 
effuse;  fold  on  the  columella  lamellar,  acute. 

Length  .12.  Breadth  .05  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  mamelon  of  the  apex  is  large  and  very  irregular  in  its  shape.  The 
angle  on  the  whorls  is  very  near  the  lower  suture,  which  gives  them  somewhat  the  ap- 
pearance of  being  canaliculate.  The  fold  on  the  columella  is  acute  and  very  thin.  The 
mouth  is  angular  above  and  below. 

This  shell  bears  a  general  resemblance  to  some  of  the  smooth  Acteons  from  Claiborne, 
without  being  sufficiently  allied  to  enable  me  to  class  it  with  any  of  them.  It  also 
closely  approaches  the  A.  angulatus,  herein  described,  but  the  umbilicus  of  this  species 
readily  distinguishes  it. 


GENUS  PYRAMIDELLA. 
P.  SUTURALIS,  PL.  36.  FIG.  63. 

P.  testa  turritd,  elevatd,  crassd,  Icevi,  nitente,  perforatd,  sulcatd;  spird  canted,  attenuate;  suturis  lincaribus;  an- 
fractibus  octo,  plants;  anfractu  ultimo  angulato,  media  sulcato;  sulco  uno,  parvo,  transverso;  basi  carinalu;  perfora- 
tione  minima;  aperlurd  quadratd,  valdd  effusa;  columella  triplicatd,  plied  una  maxima  acutd,  duobus  parvis;  labro 
dentibus  magnis  internis,  out  duobus  out  Iribus. 

Shell  turrited,  elevated,  thick,  smooth,  shining,  perforated,  sulcate;  spire  conical,  attenuate;  sutures  linear;  whorls 
eight,  flat;  last  whorl  angular,  sulcate  in  the  middle;  sulcus  transverse,  small;  base  carinate;  perforation  very  small; 
mouth  quadrate,  very  effuse;  columella  with  three  folds,  one  very  large  and  acute,  the  others  small;  outer  lip  with 
two  or  three  large  teeth  internally. 

Length  .20.  Breadth  .OS  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  sulcation  on  the  last  whorl  is  seen  at  the  upper  part  of  those  of  the 
spire,  forming  an  apparently  double  suture.  This  sulcation  is  triangular,  with  one  side 
perpendicular  and  the  other  very'  sloping.  Immediately  above  it  is  a  little  raised  ridge, 
or  small  carina.  The  sulcation  is  placed  directly  on  the  angle  of  the  last,  whorl.  Of  the 
folds  on  the  columella,  the  upper  one  is  large  and  horizontal,  situated  immediately  at  its 
junction*  with  the  preceding  whorl.  The  two  lower  ones  are  smaller  and  oblique.  The 
teeth  on  the  outer  lip  are  generally  two,  placed  close  together  near  the  middle,  but  there 
is  sometimes  a  third,  smaller  one,  below  them.  The  carina  on  the  base  is  broad  and 
little  elevated,  immediately  surrounding  the  umbilicus.  The  mouth  is  acutely  angular 
above  and  below.  This  shell  attains  a  greater  size  than  that  mentioned  above,  as  I  have 
an  imperfect  specimen  larger  than  the  one  whose  dimensions  and  figure  are  given. 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA.  33 

Judging  from  description,  this  shell  is  not  unlike  the  P.  larvata,  Con.,  from  Claiborne, 
but  that  species  is  not  mentioned  as  having  three  folds  on  the  columella,  or  the  teeth  on 
the  outer  lip. 

P.  ELABORATA,  PL.  36.  FIG.  64. 

P.  testa  elevalo-conicd,  crassd,  imperforatd,  cestatd,  slriatd;  spird  minime  ovatd,  mamillatd;  suturis  linearibus,  im- 
pressis;  anfractibus  sex,  convexis;  costis  longitudinalibus,  crebris,  plants,  lavibus,  politis;  slriis  transversis,  parvis; 
anfractu  ultimo  rotundato;  aperlurd  ellipticd;  columella  plicis  tribus  magnis. 

Shell  elevately  conical,  thick,  imperforate,  costate,  striate;  spire  slightly  ovate,  mamillate;  sutures  linear,  im- 
pressed; whorls  six,  convex;  costa;  longitudinal,  numerous,  flat,  smooth,  polished;  stria?  transverse,  small;  last  whorl 
rounded;  mouth  elliptical;  columella  with  three  large  folds. 

Length  .15.  Breadth  .08  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  transverse  striae  are  very  small  and  do  not  cross  the  ribs.  The  folds  on 
the  columella  are  of  nearly  equal  size,  but  the  upper  one  is  rather  larger  than  the  others. 

As  the  only  two  specimens  of  this  shell  in  my  possession  have  had  the  lower  whorl 
broken  off,  I  am  unable  to  give  the  full  size  or  number  of  whorls,  as  well  as  to  determine 
whether  there  are  teeth  on  the  outer  lip  or  not. 

I  have  never  seen  a  Pyramidella  with  a  sculpture  as  elaborate  as  this.  The  genus 
mostly  contains  plain  species. 


FAMILY   SCALARID^:. 

GENUS   SCALARIA. 
S.  ACICULA,  PL.  36.  FIG.  65. 

S.  tesld  turritd,  crassd,  imperforatd,  costatd;  spird  attenuatd,  ad  apicem  vix  Itevi;  suturis  profundis;  anfractibus 
septem,  valde  convexis;  costis  longitudinalibus,  lamellaribus,  acutis,  ad  basim  decrescentibus;  anfractu  ultimo  rotun- 
dato; basi  carina  minima  transversd;  aperturd  rotunda. 

Shell  turrited,  thick,  imperforate,  costate,  spire  attenuate,  nearly  smooth  at  the  apex;  sutures  deep;  whorls  seven, 
very  convex;  costEe  longitudinal,  lamellar,  acute,  decreasing  at  the  base;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  with  a  very  small 
transverse  carina;  mouth  round. 

Length  .20.  Breadth  .10  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  carina  on  the  base  is  small  and  does  not  interfere  with  the  ribs,  which 
continue  to  the  columella.  The  whorls  are  perfectly  smooth  with  the  exception  of  the 
ribs,  which,  on  the  body  whorl  are  fifteen  in  number. 

S.  CORNIGERA,  PL.  36.  FIG.  66. 

S.  testa  elevato-conicd,  scalariformi,  imperforatd,  crassiusculd,  costatd;  spird  attenuatd,  obtusd,  conica;  suturis  valde 
impressis;  anfractibus  sex,  convexis,  supernc  valde  angulatis;  costis  sub-tenuibus,  plants,  sttperne  valde  productis  el 
acute  angulatis;  basi  Icsui;  aperturd,  rotundatd,  minime  effusd. 

Shell  elevately  conical,  scalariform,  imperforate,  rather  thick,  costate;  spire  attenuate,  obtuse,  conical;  sutures 
very  much  impressed;  whorls  six,  convex,  very  angular  above;  costas  rather  thin,  flat,  very  much  produced  and 
acutely  angled  above;  base  smooth;  mouth  round,  slightly  effuse. 

Length  .16.  Breadth  .08  of  an  inch. 


34  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 

Remarks. — On  the  upper  part  of  the  spire  the  angle  of  the  whorls  is  near  their  middle. 
Below,  it  is  close  to  the  superior  suture.  The  ribs  rise,  near  the  upper  part  of  the 
whorls,  to  a  short  spine,  and  descend  rapidly  to  the  suture,  where  they  become  obsolete. 
The  mouth  is  small  and  nearly  round. 

This  little  shell  I  at  first  thought  to  be  merely  the  young  of  S.  pachypleura,  Conrad; 
but,  as  it  is  but  one  fifth  the  size  of  that  species,  with  the  same  number  of  whorls,  they 
cannot  be  identical. 

S.  MICROPLECRA,  PL.  36.  FIG.  67. 

S.  testa  elevato-pyramidali,  tenui,  imperforatd,  costulatd;  spird  attenuatd,  conicd,  obtusd;  suturis  parvis,  linearibus;  an- 
fractibus  sex,  convexis;  coslis  minutis,  crebrissimis;  anfractu  ultimo  rotundato;  basi  lam;  aperturd  ovatd,  marginibus  ju- 
perne  disjunctis;  labro  acuto. 

Shell  elevately  pyramidal,  thin,  imperforate,  costulate;  spire  attenuate,  conical,  obtuse;  sutures  small,  linear; 
whorls  six,  convex;  ribs  very  small  and  numerous;  last  whorl  rounded;  mouth  ovate,  with  the  margins  disunited 
above;  outer  lip  acute. 

Length  .10.  Breadth  .05  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — I  have  felt  some  hesitation  in  placing  this  shell  among  the  Scalariae,  as  the 
small  costa3  and  incontinous  peritreme  of  the  mouth  seem  scarcely  to  warrant  it. 

S.  MICROSTOMA,  PL.  36.  FIG.  68. 

S.  testa  subulato-conicd,  tenui,  imperforatd,  costata;  spird  conicd,  ve3.de  attenuatd,  obtusd;  suturis  imprcssis,  intcrruptis; 
anfractibus  septem,  valde  convexis;  costis  raris,  elevatis,  reflexis;  anfractu  ultimo  rotundato;  basi  sub-carinatd ;  aperturu 
parvd,  obliqud,  sub-rotunda;  labro  valde  incrassato. 

Shell  subulate-conical,  thin,  imperforate,  costate;  spire  conical,  very  attenuate,  obtuse;  sutures  impressed,  inter- 
rupted; whorls  seven,  very  convex;  costte  few,  elevated,  reflexed;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  sub-carinate ;  mouth 
small,  oblique,  sub-rotund;  outer  lip  very  much  thickened. 

Length  .28.  Breadth  .12  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  carina  of  the  base  is  very  small;  it  does  not  cross  the  costae,  which 
continue  to  the  columella.  The  mouth  is  unusually  small  and  nearly  round.  The 
costa3  are  ten  in  number  on  the  last  whorl,  quite  prominent,  and  reflexed.  In  full  grown 
specimens  the  one  which  forms  the  outer  lip  is  much  thicker  than  the  rest.  The  ribs  of 
one  whorl  do  not  join  those  of  the  next,  but  lap  over  very  closely.  This  causes  the 
sutures  to  be  continually  interrupted. 

This  shell  bears  a  close  resemblance  to  S.  acicula,  herein  described,  but  differs  in  be- 
ing more  subulate,  having  fewer  and  reflected  ribs,  and  a  smaller  basal  carina. 


GENUS  DELPHINULA. 

D.   COSTULATA,   PL.  36.   FlG.  69. 

D.  tettd  orbiculari,  depressd,  crassd,  costata,  striata;  spird  brevissimd.  acuminatd,  acutd;  suturis  linearibus;  anfractibus 
sex,  valde  convexis,  supra  planulaiis  et  leevibus;  costis  parvis,  crebris,  transversis,  politis;  striis  longitudinalibus,  obliquis, 
minutissimii;  anfractu  ultimo  rotundato;  baii  costata;  umbilico  magno,  profundo,  intus  hevi;  aperturd  rotunda,  supra  sitb- 
canaliculatd. 

Shell  orbicular,  depressed,  thick,  costate,  striate;  spire  very  short,  acuminate,  acute;  sutures  linear;  whorls  six, 
very  convex,  smooth  and  flattened  above;  costse  transverse,  small,  numerous,  polished;  striiE  longitudinal,  oblique, 
very  minute;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  costate,  umbilicus  large,  deep,  smooth  within,  mouth  round,  sub-canaliculate 
above. 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA.  35 

Length  .08.  Breadth  .15  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  longitudinal  strise  are  so  minute  as  to  escape  observation,  unless  as- 
sisted by  a  powerful  microscope.  They  do  not  cross  the  ribs.  The  mouth  is  smooth 
within,  and  almost  exactly  round,  except  at  its  junction  with  ihe  preceding  whorl,  where 
there  is  a  small  channel. 

This  shell  bears  some  resemblance  to  the  Turbo  lineatus,  Lea,  but  is  separated  from 
that  shell  by  its  entire  mouth,  larger  umbilicus,  &c. 

I  have  felt  some  doubt  in  placing  this  and  two  or  three  of  the  following  shells  in  the 
genus  Delphinula.  Their  general  appearance  would  seem  rather  to  make  them  ap- 
proach the  Turbo,  but  their  entire  mouths  constitute  them  true  Delphinulse.  The  genus, 
Skenea,  Fleming,  seems  well  fitted  to  receive  them,  but  it  is  described  as  having  the 
"aperture  dilated,"  a  character  which  is  wanting  in  the  shells  at  present  under  consi- 
deration. 

D.  CONCAVA,  PL.  36.  FIG.  70. 

D.  testa  concavd,  orbiculari,  depressd,  supra  planulatd,  tenui,  nitente,  sub-striatd;  spird  brevissimd,  obtusd;  suturis 
linear/bus;  anfractibus  quatuor,  rapide  crescentibus,  planulatis;  striis  longiludinalibus,  parvis,  rarissimis;  anfractu 
ultimo  sub-angulato;  basi  striald;  umbilico  magno,  profundo,  intus  striato;  aperturd  magnd,  ovatd. 

Shell  concave,  orbicular,  depressed,  flattened  above,  thin,  shining,  sub-striate;  spire  very  short,  obtuse;  sutures 
linear;  whorls  four,  rapidly  increasing,  flattened;  stria;  longitudinal,  very  few,  small;  last  whorl  somewhat  angular; 
base  striate:  umbilicus  large,  deep,  striate  within;  mouth  large,  ovate. 

Length  .08.  Breadth  .20  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  umbilicus  is  wide  and  open,  exposing  the  spire,  nearly  to  the  apex. 
The  lines  of  growth  are  very  infrequent  and  irregular,  both  as  to  size  and  direction. 

This  little  shell  has  no  very  decided  character,  and  yet  it  cannot  be  placed  with  any 
species  hitherto  described.  Its  nearest  analogue  is  the  recent  Planorbis  parvus,  Say, 
which  it  much  resembles  in  general  outline. 

D.  LIPARA,  PL.  36.  FIG.  71. 

D.  testa  orbiculari,  depressd,  sub- planulatd,  crassiusculd,  Itevi,  nitente;  spird  brevissimd,  rotundatd;  suturis  impressis; 
anfractibus  quinque,  convexis,  politis;  anfractu  ultimo  rotundato;  basi  Itsvi;  umbilico  latissimo,  profundo;  aperturd  rotunda. 

Shell  orbicular,  depressed,  somewhat  flattened,  rather  thick,  smooth,  shining;  spire  very  short,  rounded;  sutures 
impressed;  whorls  five,  convex,  polished;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  smooth;  umbilicus  very  wide,  deep;  mouth  round. 

Length  .05.  Breadth  .10  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — In  this  shell  the  umbilicus  is  wider  than  in  most  of  those  herein  described. 
The  mouth  is  small  and  very  nearly  round.  The  surface  has  a  very  high  polish,  and  a 
somewhat  greasy  look. 

This  species  is  very  much  like  the  Skenea  depressa,  a  recent  shell  from  the  coast 
of  England,  but  it  is  much  larger,  and  differs  in  the  shape  of  the  aperture. 

D.    OBLIQUE-STRIATA,    PL.  36.    FlG.  72. 

D.  testa  orbiculari,  depressd,  crassd,  diaphand,  sub-cancellatd;  spird  brevissimd,  ovatd,  prope  apicem  longitudina- 
liter  et  profunde  sulcald;  suturis  impressis,  linearibus;  anfractibus  quatuor,  convexis;  sulculis  longitudinalibus,  ad 
suturam  inferiorem  pene  obsoletis;  striis  oblique  transversis,  parvis,  crebris;  anfractu  ultimo  tu'm  carinato  turn  angu- 
I 


36  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 

lato,  ad  suturam  leevi;  basi  striatd,  profunde  sulcaid;  umbilico  magno,  profuiulo,  carimi  nuirginato,  i/itus  l<cvi;  aperttird 
rotunda. 

Shell  orbicular,  depressed,  thick,  diaphanous,  sub-cancellate ;  spire  very  short,  ovate,  longitudinally  and  deeply 
silicate  near  the  apex;  sutures  impressed,  linear:  whorls  four,  convex;  sulculi  longitudinal,  nearly  obsolete  at  the 
lower  suture;  striee  obliquely  transverse,  small,  numerous;  last  whorl  sometimes  carinate,  sometimes  angulate.  smooth 
near  the  suture;  base  striate,  deeply  sulcate;  umbilicus  large,  deep,  margined  with  a  carina,  smooth  wilhin;  mouth 
round. 

Length  .04.  Breadth  .10  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  longitudinal  sulci  are  quite  large  on  the  upper  whorls,  but  become 
smaller  and  closer  as  they  approach  the  last  whorl,  while  on  the  base  they  again  increase. 
The  stria3  are  very  oblique,  but  are  more  nearly  transverse  than  longitudinal.  On  the 
last  whorl,  they  form  cancellations  with  the  sulci,  and  are  obsolete  near  the  suture  as 
they  approach  the  mouth.  The  umbilicus  is  carinate  and  scalariform,  decreasing  from 
whorl  to  whorl  in  rectangular  steps.  The  periphery  of  the  last  whorl  is  extremely  vari- 
able, being  in  some  specimens  almost  round,  arid  in  others  angular  and  carinate.  The 
mouth  is  almost  a  perfect  circle. 

The  carinate  umbilicus  and  oblique  strife  separate  this  pretty  little  shell  from  all  its 
congeners. 

D.  TROCHIFORMIS,  PL.  36.  FIG.  73. 

D.  testa  eonicd,  sub-lenticulari,  crassii,  striatd;  spird  sub-ovatd.  obtusa,  depressii;  sttturis  canaliculatis;  anfractibus  tribus, 
sub-convexis;  striis  Iransversis,  parvis,  raris;  anfractu  ultimo  acute  angulato,  duplice  carinato;  basi  striatt'i;  umbilico  parvo, 
profundo,  striis  magnis  marginato;  aperturd  sub-triangulari;  labro  crassissimo. 

Shell  conical,  somewhat  lenticular,  thick,  striate;  spire  sub-ovate,  obtuse,  depressed ;  sutures  canaliculate;  whorl* 
three,  rather  convex;  striae  transverse,  few,  small;  last  whorl  acutely  angular,  doubly  carinate;  base  striate;  umbi- 
licus small,  profound,  margined  with  large  striae;  mouth  sub-triangular;  lip  very  thick. 

Length  .08.  Breadth  .09  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  stria?  on  the  upper  part  of  the  last  whorl  are  few  in  number  and  very 
faint;  on  the  base,  however,  they  are  more  numerous  and  deeper.  There  are  usually 
two  or  three  of  larger  size  round  the  umbilicus.  The  periphery  of  the  last  whorl  has 
two  carinse,  one  upon  the  angle,  and  one  immediately  above  it.  On  the  superior  whorls 
these  are  both  hidden. 

This  shell,  in  outline,  seems  rather  to  be  a  Trochus  than  a  Delphinula.  Its  spire  is 
very  much  elevated,  and  its  umbilicus  unusually  small  for  this  genus,  but  the  entire 
margin  of  the  mouth  is  a  character  too  well  marked  to  be  neglected. 

D.  GLOBULUS,  PL.  36.  FIG.  74. 

D.  testa  transverse  sub-globosd,  crassd,  cancellatd;  ipird  planulatd,  obtusa,  ad  apicem  l<evi;  suturis  vix  obsolete;  anfractibus 
tribus,  rapide  crescentibus,  supra  angulatis  el  planulatii;  costis  transversis,  octo,  magnis;  striis  lofigitudinalibtis,  pan-is,  irrc- 
guldribus;  anfractu  ultimo  rotundata;  basi  costatd  et  striatd;  umbilico  parvo,  arctato;  aperturd  sub-rotunda,  intcgrd. 

Shell  transversely  sub-globose,  thick,  cancellate;  spire  flattened,  obtuse,  smooth  at  the  apex;  sutures  nearly  obso- 
lete; whorls  three,  rapidly  increasing,  angular  and  flattened  above;  costas  transverse,  eight,  large;  strice  longitudinal, 
small,  irregular;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  costate  and  etriate;  umbilicus  small,  narrow;  mouth  sub-rotund,  entire. 

Length  .15.  Breadth  .18  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  longitudinal  stria?,  or  lines  of  growth  very  frequently  do  not  cross  the 
ribs.  The  mouth  is  slightly  quadrate.  The  sculpture  is  not  unlike  that  of  the  Acteon 
globosa,  herein  described. 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA.  37 

This  shell  may  be  identical  with  the  D.  lyra,  Conrad,  but  its  ribs  are  entire  and  its 
aperture  is  not  dilated.  It  is  also  much  smaller. 

D.  APERTA,  PL.  36.  FIG.  75. 

D.  testa  rotundato-conicd,  sub-clevatd,  tcnui,  sulcatd;  spird  brevi,  obtusd;  suturis  linearibus;  anfractibus  trihts,  convexis, 
rapide  crcscentibus;  suhis  longitudinalibus.  minutis,  irregularibus,  pene  obsoletis;  anfractu  ultimo  sub-angulato;  basi  sub-sul- 
catd,  umbilico  magno,  lato,  profundo;  apertura  ovato  triangular!,  Integra. 

Shell  rounded-conical,  somewhat  elevated,  thin,  sulcate;  spire  short,  obtuse;  sutures  linear;  whorls  three,  convex, 
rapidly  increasing;  sulci  longitudinal,  minute,  irregular,  almost  obsolete;  last  whorl  sub-angular;  base  slightly  sulcate; 
umbilicus  large,  wide,  profound;  mouth  ovately  triangular,  entire. 

Length  .05.  Breadth  .08  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  longitudinal  sulci  are  very  variable.  The  apex  is  almost  mamillate. 
The  whorls  are  very  much  separated  from  each  other  by  their  convexity  and  the  size  of 
the  umbilicus. 

This  is  the  most  elevated  species  of  the  genus  that  I  have  met  with. 

D.  NATICOIDES,  PL.  36.  FIG.  76. 

D.  testa  discoidca,  crassissimd,  Icni;  spird  planulatd;  suturis  linearibus;  anfractibus  tribus,  convexis;  anfractu  ultimo 
maxima,  rotundato;  basi  lavi;  umbilico  parvo,  minime  profundo;  apertura  parvdj  ovatd;  labro  superne  valde  incrassatd. 

Shell  discoidal,  very  thick,  smooth;  spire  flattened;  sutures  linear;  whorls  three,  convex;  last  whorl  very  large, 
rounded;  base  smooth;  umbilicus  small,  shallow;  mouth  small,  ovatej  outer  lip  very  much  thickened  above. 

Length  .07.  Breadth  .12  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  last  whorl  almost  covers  those  of  the  spire.  The  surface  seems  some- 
what roughened.  The  mouth  is  nearly  round. 

In  general  outline,  this  shell  bears  a  strong  resemblance  to  some  species  of  Natica. 
In  this  it  differs  from  all  the  Delphinulse  I  have  met  with. 

FAMILY  TURBINLTLE. 

GENUS  ROTELLA. 
R.  SUB-CONICA,  PL.  36.  FIG.  77. 

R.  testa  orbiculari,  sub-depressd,  crassd,  l<evi;  spird  brevl,  obtusd;  suturis  linearibus;  anfractibus  qualuor,  planu- 
latis;  anfractu  ultimo  sub-angulato;  basi  leEvi;  callo  lato,  media  crasso;  apertura  ovato-quadratd;  columelld  curvatd. 

Shell  orbicular,  somewhat  depressed,  thick,  smooth;  spire  short,  obtuse;  sutures  linear;  whorls  four,  flattened; 
last  whorl  sub-angulate;  base  smooth;  callus  wide,  thick  in  the  middle;  mouth  ovately  quadrate;  columella  curved. 

Length  .05.  Breadth  .07  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — This  little  shell  has  no  very  striking  characteristics,  and  yet  cannot  be  con- 
founded with  any  other  of  its  congeners.  It  is  unusually  elevated  for  a  Rotella. 

R.  CARINATA,  PL.  36.  FIG.  78. 

R.  testa  lenticulari,  valde  depressd,  lenuissimd.  lavi,  politd;  spird  brevissimd,  sub-ovatd,  oblusd;  suturis  minimi's, 
linearibus;  anfractibus  tribus,  convexis,  superne  planulatis;  anfractu  ultimo  acute  angulalo,  carinato,  basi  l<evi,  politd; 
callo  paruo;  apertura  transversd,  ovali;  columella  latissimd,  curtd. 

Shell  lenticular,  very  much  depressed,  very  thin,  sjnooth,  polished;  spire  very  short,  sub-ovate,  obtuse;  sutures 
very  small,  linear;  whorls  three,  convex,  flattened  above;  last  whorl  acutely  angulate,  carinate;  base  smooth,  po- 
lished; callus  small;  mouth  transverse,  oval;  columella  very  wide,  short. 

Length  .04.  Breadth  .11  of  an  inch. 


38  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 

Remarks. — The  carina  on  the  last  whorl  is  very  large.  There  is  a  corresponding 
depression  in  the  interior  of  the  mouth.  Occasionally,  there  is  an  angulated  line  near 
the  suture  of  the  last  whorl,  but  this  is  not  a  constant  character.  The  carina  is  rather 
nearer  the  apex  than  the  base  of  the  shell.  The  substance  is  exceedingly  thin,  and  has 
somewhat  the  appearance  of  ivory.  On  a  front  view,  the  general  outline  of  the  shell  has 
a  remarkably  rhomboidal  shape. 

I  know  of  no  species  of  Rotella,  except  the  following,  which  resembles  this  beautiful 
little  shell. 

R.  LENTICULARIS,  PL.  36.  FIG.  79. 

R.  testa  lenticulari,  depressd,  tenui,  l<eui,  politd;  spird  brevissimd,  sub-ovatd,  obtusd;  suturis  parvis.  linearibus; 
anfraclibus  quatuor,  convexis;  anfractu  ultimo  angulato;  basi  l<evi;  callo  parvo;  aperturd  sub-rotundu;  columelld  laid 
curvatd. 

Shell  lenticular,  depressed,  thin,  smooth,  polished;  spire  very  short,  sub-ovate,  obtuse;  sutures  small,  linear; 
whorls  four,  convex;  last  whorl  angulate;  base  smooth;  callus  small;  mouth  sub-rotund;  columella  broad,  curved. 

Length  .04.  Breadth  .09  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  angle  on  the  last  whorl  is  very  variable.  It  sometimes  amounts 
almost  to  a  carina.  The  mouth  is  nearly  round.  The  callus  is  slightly  depressed 
below  the  surrounding  surface. 

This  shell  is,  in  part,  allied  to  both  the  preceding  species,  but  differs  in  the  number 
of  whorls,  shape  of  the  columella  and  spire,  and  the  angle  on  the  last  whorl.  They 
also  differ  much  in  thickness. 

R.    UMBILICATA,    PL.  36.    FlG.  80. 

R.  testa  orbicular!,  valde  depressd,  crassd,  l<evi,  politd;  spird  umbilicatd;  anfractibus  occultis;  anfractu  ultimo  ro- 
tundato,  spirant  tegente,  ad  suturam  superiorem  lined  parvd  impressd  transversd;  basi  lavi;  callo  magno,  tenui,  media 
depresso;  aperturd  rotunda;  columelld  lalissimd,  subsulcatd. 

Shell  orbicular,  very  much  depressed,  thick,  smooth,  polished;  spire  umbilicate;  whorls  concealed;  last  whorl 
rounded,  covering  the  spire,  with  a  small  impressed  transverse  line  near  the  superior  suture;  base  smooth;  callus 
large,  thin,  depressed  in  the  middle ;  mouth  rotund ;  columella  very  wide,  sub-sulcate. 

Length  .05.  Breadth  .10  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  columella  has  a  shallow  groove  in  its  centre.  The  mouth  is  almost 
round. 

This  little  shell,  in  general  outline,  is  not  unlike  the  R.  nana,  Lea,  but  the  peculiar 
umbilicated  spire  will  at  once  distinguish  them. 

This  genus  is  quite  rare  in  a  fossil  state.  I  believe  that  but  one,  the  R.  suturalis,  has 
been  found  in  the  Tertiary  beds  of  Europe.  In  this  country  the  species  appear  to  be 
more  numerous. 

GENUS  TROCHUS. 
T.  ARMILLTJS,  PL.  37.  FIG.  81. 

T.  testa  conicd,  eleuatd,  crassiusculd,  imperforatd,  costatd,  'striatd;  spird  conicd,  acuminatd;  suturis  minimis;  an- 
fractibus quinque,  planis;  costis  transversis,  tribus,  noduliferis,  alternantibus  striis  minimis;  anfractu  ultimo  acute 
angulato,  carinato;  basi  valde  planulalo,  striis  magnis  et  parvis;  aperturd  quadrilateral!. 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA.  39 

Shell  conical,  elevated,  rather  thick,  imperforate,  costate,  striate;  spire  conical,  acuminate;  sutures  very  small; 
•whorls  five,  flat;  costcc  transverse,  three,  noduliferous,  alternating  with  very  small  striae;  last  whorl  acutely  angular, 
carinate;  base  very  much  flattened,  with  large  and  small  strise;  mouth  quadrilateral. 

Length  .15.  Breadth  .18  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  transverse  ribs  are  generally  noduliferous,  but,  in  some  cases,  they 
are  partially  or  even  entirely  smooth.  The  carina,  on  the  last  whorl,  is  always  smooth. 
The  strise  which  alternate  with  the  ribs  are  exceedingly  small,  so  as  to  be  invisible 
except  with  the  aid  of  a  powerful  microscope.  Those  on  the  base  are  of  various  sizes. 
There  are  generally  two  large  ones  near  the  columella,  and  near  the  periphery,  while 
those  between  are  smaller.  The  base  is  unusually  flat,  and  the  mouth  is  quadrangular. 

T.  CONUS,  PL.  37.  FIG.  82. 

T.  testti  conicfi,  crassd,  umbilicata,  striata;  spira  sub-ovatd,  depressd,  obtusa,  ad  apicem  lavi;  suturis  lalis,  im- 
pressis;  anfraclibus  sex,  planulalis,  ad  suturam  superiorem  subcanaliculatis;  striis  transversis,  impressis,  parvis, 
crebris;  anfractu  ultimo  angulato;  basi  striata;  umbilico  parvo,  valde  profundo,  striis  duobus  marginato;  columella 
recta;  aperturd  quadrilalerali,  obliqua. 

Shell  conical,  thick,  umbilicate,  striate;  spire  sub-ovate,  depressed,  obtuse,  smooth  near  the  apex;  sutures  wide, 
impressed;  whorls  six,  flattened,  sub-canaliculate  near  the  upper  suture;  strias  transverse,  impressed,  small,  nume- 
rous; last  whorl  angulate;  base  striate;  umbilicus  small,  very  profound,  margined  with  two  strias;  columella  straight; 
mouth  oblique,  quadrilateral. 

Length  .25.  Breadth  .35  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  strise  of  the  base  are  rather  larger  than  those  on  the  upper  part  of  the 
whorls.  They  increase  as  they  approach  the  umbilicus,  which  is  margined  by  two  or 
three  much  deeper  than  the  rest.  They  gradually  become  obsolete  as  they  approach  the 
apex,  which  is  smooth.  The  umbilicus  is  not  large,  but  very  deep,  so  much  so,  indeed, 
as,  apparently,  to  extend  to  the  apex  of  the  shell.  It  is  continued  downwards  in  a  groove 
behind  the  columella.  The  mouth  is  nearly  rhomboidal. 

This  species  is  closely  allied  to  the  T.  eboreus,  Wagner,  from  the  Tertiary  of  S.  Caro- 
lina, but  the  umbilicus  and  numerous  stria?  are  sufficient  to  distinguish  it. 

T.  LENS,  PL.  37.  FIG.  83. 

T.  testa  Icnticulari,  inferne  ct  superne  depresso-conicd,  crassiusculd,  politd,  umbilicata,,  striata;  spira  brevissimd,  conicd, 
minime  obtusd;  suluris  latis,  sub-profundis;  anfractibus  quatuor,  planulatis,  ad  suturam  superiorem  canaliculatis;  striis 
transversis,  impressis,  parvis,  raris;  anfractu  ultimo  acute  angulalo,  carinato;  basi  conicd,  striata;  umbilico  parvo,  profundo, 
striis  duobus  profundis  marginato;  aperturd  quadrato-ovata. 

Shell  lenticular,  depressed-conical  above  and  below,  rather  thick,  polished,  umbilicate,  striate;  spire  very  short, 
conical,  slightly  obtuse;  sutures  wide,  rather  deep;  whorls  four,  flattened,  canaliculate  at  the  upper  sutures;  stria 
few,  transverse,  impressed,  minute;  last  whorl  acutely  angular,  carinate;  base  conical,  striate;  umbilicus  deep,  small, 
margined  with  two  deep  stria;;  mouth  quadrately  ovate. 

Length  .10.  Breadth  .15  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  unusually  long  base  gives  the  shell  the  appearance  of  a  double  cone. 
The  angle  on  the  last  whorl  is  about  half  way  between  the  apex  and  the  base.  On  the 
whorls  of  the  spire,  the  stria?  are  two  in  number.  There  are  three  on  the  upper  part  of 
the  last  whorl,  the  lowest  of  which  is  the  deepest.  There  is  also  a  rib  margining  the 
lower  part  of  the  carina,  making  it  appear  double.  The  outer  lip  appears  to  be  very 
fragile,  as,  out  of  four  or  five  specimens  now  before  me,  not  one  has  the  mouth  perfect. 
The  whorls  are  perfectly  flat,  or  even  sometimes  a  little  concave. 
K 


40  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 

The  peculiar  lenticular  form  of  this  shell  will  at  once  distinguish  it  from  all  our  other 
fossil  species.  The  only  one,  indeed,  to  which  it  bears  any  resemblance  is  the  T. 
reclusus.  From  this  it  differs  chiefly  in  size,  umbilicus,  and  columella. 

T.  TORQUATUS,  PL.  37.  FIG.  84. 

T.  testa  conicd,  acuminatd,  crassd,  politd,  perforatd,  crcnulato-costatd;  tpird  sub-conicd,  dcpressiusculd,  oblusd;  suturii 
pan-is;  anfractibus  quatuor,  sub-convexis;  costis  tra>isversis,  quatuor,  noduliferis;  anfractu  ultimo  acute  angulato,  carinato; 
basi  crebre  et  profunde  striatd;  perforatione  parvd;  aperturd  quadrangulari. 

Shell  conical,  acuminate,  thick,  polished,  perforate,  crenulately  costate;  spire  somewhat  conical,  rather  depressed; 
obtuse;  sutures  small;  whorls  four,  nearly  flat;  costce  transverse,  four,  noduliferous;  last  whorl  acutely  angular,  cari- 
oate;  base  closely  and  profoundly  striate;  perforation  small;  mouth  quadrangular. 

Length  .13.  Breadth  .12  of  an  inch. 

Remarks.  —  The  carina  on  the  periphery  of  the  last  whorl  is  round  and  polished. 
There  are  three  large,  and  one  small  nodulose  costse,  the  small  one  being  next  to  the  one 
nearest  the  upper  suture. 

This  much  resembles  the  T.  armillus,  herein  described,  but  may  be  readily  distin- 
guished from  that  shell  by  its  umbilicus,  more  ovate  shape,  arid  more  striate  base. 

T.  ARATDS,  PL.  37.  FIG.  85. 

T.  testa,  ovato-conicd,  crassd.  politd,  imperforatd,  costatd;  spird  depressd,  sub-ovatd,  obtusd,  ad  apicem  lavi;  siituris  pari'is, 
linearibus;  anfractibus  tribus,  sub-convcxis ;  costis  transversis,  tribus,  magnis,  sub-noduliferis;  anfractu  ultimo  aii<!ulato, 
costis  quatuor ;  basisulcatd;  aperturd  rotunda. 

Shell  ovately  conical,  thick,  polished,  imperforate,  costate;  spire  •depressed,  sub-ovate,  obtuse,  smooth  near  the 
apex;  sutures  small,  linear;  whorls  three,  slightly  convex;  costse  transverse,  three,  large,  sub-noduliferous;  last  whorl 
angular,  with  four  ribs;  base  sulcate;  mouth  round. 

Length  .08.  Breadth  .08  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — In  the  only  specimen  of  this  shell  now  before  me,  the  two  upper  ribs  are  a 
little  nodulous,  while  the  two  lower  ones  are  smooth.  As  this  is  a  variable  character,  it 
is  probable  that  they  may  all  be  nodulous  in  other  specimens.  The  additional  one  on 
the  last  whorl  is  almost  large  enough  to  be  called  a  carina.  The  base  is  closely  and 
deeply  grooved.  The  mouth  is  perfectly  round. 

This  shell  is  somewhat  similar  to  the  T.  armillus,  herein  described,  but  is  sufficiently 
distinguished  by  its  more  ovate  form  and  round  mouth. 

T.  RUFFINII,  PL.  37.  FIG.  86. 

T.  testd  conicd,  crassd,  costatd,  imperforatd;  spird  elevatd;  suturis  minimis,  linearibus;  anfractibus ,  infernc  tafinatu 

et  sulcatis,  supcrne  concavis  et  costatis;  costis  transversis,  tribus,  noduliferis,  altcrnantibus  striis  minutissimis ;  anfractii  villain 
angulato,  bicarinato,  carina  superiore  sub-crenulatd ;  basi  lavi;  aperturd  transversd,  quadrilateral/;  columella  rotundatii,  lined 
impressd  marginatd. 

Shell  conical,  thick,  costate,  imperforate;  spire  elevated;  sutures  very  small,  linear;  whorls ,  carinate  and 

sulcate  below,  concave  and  costate  above;  costse  three,  transverse,  noduliferous,  alternating  with  very  minute  stris; 
last  whorl  angular,  bicarioate;  upper  cariua  sub-crenulate;  base  smooth;  mouth  transverse,  quadrilateral ;  columella 
rounded,  margined  by  an  impressed  line. 

Length .  Breadth  .38  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  edge  of  the  last  whorl  has  two  carinae,  or  perhaps,  more  strictly  speak- 
ing, a  large  carina  with  a  deep  groove  in  its  centre.  On  the  superior  whorls,  the  upper 
carina  and  groove  are  alone  visible.  The  transverse  stria3  are  almost  invisible  to  the 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA.  41 

naked  eye.  The  base  is  smooth,  with  the  exception  of  two  or  three  small  striae,  imme- 
diately below  the  periphery  of  the  whorl.  As  my  only  specimen  is  imperfect,  I  am 
unable  to  determine  the  dimensions  or  number  of  whorls. 

The  smooth  base  and  peculiar  rounded  columella  distinguish  this  shell  from  our  other 
tuberculated  fossil  Trochi,  some  of  which  it  much  resembles. 

This  pretty  little  shell  was  sent  to  my  father  from  the  neighbourhood  of  Petersburg 
by  E.  Ruffin,  Esq.,  whose  name  I  have  great  pleasure  in  affixing  to  it  as  a  slight  token 
of  respect  for  his  zeal  in  elucidating  the  Geology  of  Virginia. 


GENUS  TURBO. 
T.  GLABER,  PL.  37.  FIG.  87. 

T.  testa  nvato-turbinald,  elevatd,  tenui,  umbilicatd,  Itsvi,  nitenle;  spird  elevatd,  rotundatd;  suturis  parvis,  linearibus~, 

anfractibus ,  valiU  convexis;  anfractu  ultimo  rotundato;  basi  lavi;  umbilico  parvo;  aperturd  ovatd,  superne  angu- 

latd,  inferni  rotundatd;  labro  acuto. 

Shell  ovately  turbinate,  elevated,  thin,  umbilicate,  smooth,  polished;  spire  elevated,  rounded;  sutures  small,  linear'} 

whorls ,  very  convex;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  smooth,  umbilicus  small;  mouth  ovate,  angular  above,  rounded 

below;  outer  lip  acute. 

Length .  Breadth  .80  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  umbilicus  is  small,  and  partially  covered  by  an  extension  of  the  co- 
lumella. The  surface  of  the  shell  is  glabrous,  but  not  perfectly  smooth,  owing  to  ine- 
qualities in  the  growth,  with  occasipnal  faint  longitudinal  lines.  The  mouth  has  a  small 
internal  channel-like  impression  where  it  meets  the  preceding  whorl. 

Having  but  one  specimen  of  this  shell,  and  that  imperfect  at  the  apex,  I  am  unable  to 
give  its  length  or  number  of  whorls.  Of  the  latter,  a  little  more  than  two  remain,  and 
about  two  or  three  must  have  been  removed. 

This  shell  bears  so  strong  a  resemblance  to  the  recent  Paludina  vivipara,  Auct.,  that 
were  it  not  found  among  oceanic  shells,  I  should  have  little  hesitation  in  considering  it  as 
a  variety  of  that  species. 

This  shell  is  by  far  the  largest  of  the  genus  as  yet  discovered  in  our  Tertiary.  It  is 
unusually  elevated  in  the  spire  for  a  Turbo. 

T.  RUSTICUS,  PL.  37.  FIG.  88. 

T.  testa  globoso-conicd,  crassd,  perforatd,  cancellatd;  spird  conicd,  depressd,  acutd;  suturis  parvis,  linearilus;  an- 
fractibus quinque,  planulatis;  slriis  transversis  crebris,  magnis;  striis  longitudinalibus  crebris,  parvis;  anfractu 
ultimo  rotundato;  basi  striata  transverse  et  alternation;  perfnratione  parvd,  angusta;  aperturd  quadrato-rotundatd. 

Shell  globosely  conical,  thick,  perforate,  cancellate;  spire  conical,  depressed,  acute;  sutures  small,  linear;  whorls 
five,  flattened;  transverse  striie  numerous,  large;  longitudinal  stria;  numerous,  small;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  striate 
transversely  and  alternately;  umbilicus  small,  narrow;  mouth  quadrately  rounded. 

Length  .12.  Breadth  .11  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  transverse  stria3  on  the  upper  part  of  the  last  whorl  show  a  slight 
disposition  to  be  alternate,  and  on  the  base  they  become  entirely  so.  The  whorls  are 
sub-canaliculate  at  the  upper  sutures.  The  columella  has  a  very  slight  incrassation  at 
the  base,  but  not  sufficient  to  constitute  the  shell  a  Monadonta.  The  mouth  is  angular 
at  the  upper  part  of  the  columella,  and  round  at  the  outer  lip. 


42  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 

I  can  find  none  of  our  species  of  Turbo  to  which  this  pretty  little  shell  can  be  referred. 
With  the  same  number  of  whorls,  it  is  hardly  more  than  a  fourth  the  size  of  the  T. 
caperatus,  Con.,  which  it  in  some  degree  resembles.  And,  in  our  species,  the  transverse 
striae  are  large,  almost  deserving  the  appellation  of  ribs,  while  in  the  T.  caperatus  they 
are  described  as  small. 


FAMILY   CANALIFERID.E. 

GENUS  CERITHIUM. 
C.  CLAVULUS,  PL.  37.  FIG.  89. 

C.  testa  turritd,  valde  elevatd,  crassd,  costatd,  slriatd;  spira  acutd,  conicd.  valde  atlenuatd,  mdmiliatd;  suturis  linea- 

ribus,  tub-obsoletis;  anfractibus ,  plants;  coslis  tribus,  transversis,  magnis,  sub-acutis,  leevibus;  striis  longitudina- 

libus,  raris,  pare!*;  anfractu  ultimo  angiilato;  basi  l<evi;  aperturd  quadratd;  canali  brevi,  minimc  prof  undo. 

Shell  turrited,  very  elevated,  thick,  costate,  striatej  spire  acute,  conical,  very  attenuate,  mamillate:  sutures  linear, 
almost  obsolete;  whorls ,  flat;  ribs  three,  transverse,  large,  sub-acute,  smooth;  stria  longitudinal,  small,  infre- 
quent: last  whorl  angular;  base  smooth;  mouth  quadrate;  canal  short,  shallow. 

Length .  Breadth  .15  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  longitudinal  striae,  from  their  size,  although  they  do  not  cross  the  ribs, 
give  the  shell  a  cancellated  appearance  under  the  microscope.  The  mouth  is  nearly 
square.  The  body  whorl  has  four  instead  of  three  striae,  a  very  small  one  being  placed 
immediately  below  the  angle. 

This  species  bears  a  strong  resemblance  to  the  C.  terebrale,*  Adams,  a  recent  shell 
from  our  coast,  but  it  may  be  distinguished  by  having  the  transverse  ribs  fewer  and 
more  acute,  the  longitudinal  striae  less  frequent  and  larger,  and  the  canal  longer  and  less 
profound.  It  also  approaches  the  Terebra  constricta,  Nob.,  but  the  ribs  are  more  flat- 
tened, and  the  stria?  less  numerous  and  larger. 

Although  not  thin,  this  shell  is  extremely  fragile,  as  out  of  about  fifty  specimens  I  have 
not  one  full-grown  one  with  the  apex  perfect.  It  attains  a  much  larger  size  than  that 
shown  in  the  figure. 

C.  CURTUM,  PL.  37.  FIG.  90. 

C.  testa  elevato-conicd,  tenui,  sub-cancellatd,  carinatd,  sub-perforatd;  spira  breviusculd,  acutd.  ad  apicem  Itevi; 
suturis  excavatis;  anfractibus  sex,  media  carinatis;  striis  transversis  et  sulcis  longitudinal  ibus  variabilibus;  ultimo 
anfractu  angulato;  basi  minute  striatd;  perf oral  tone  minima,  aliquando  obsoleta;  aperturd  ovatd,  superne  angulatd, 
inferne  valde  effusd. 

Shell  elevated  conical,  thin,  sub-cancellate,  carinate,  sub-perforate;  spire  rather  short,  acute,  smooth  at  the  apex; 
sutures  excavated;  whorls  six,  carinate  in  the  middle;  transverse  strife  and  longitudinal  sulci  variable;  last  whorl 
angular;  base  minutely  striate;  perforation  very  small,  sometimes  obsolete;  mouth  ovate,  angular  above,  very  effuse 
below. 

Length  .15.  Breadth  .06  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  longitudinal  sulci  are  very  variable,  being  sometimes  almost  obsolete, 
while  at  others  they  give  the  shell  a  completely  cancellate  appearance,  cutting  the  strife 

*  As  the  name  of  this  shell  has  been  preoccupied,  by  Lamarck,  for  a  fossil  species  from  Grignon,  I  propose  that  the 
name  of  the  discoverer  be  affixed  to  it,  changing  it  to  C.  Adamsii.  I  find  also  that  the  name  of  the  C.  cancellatum, 
Nob.,  has  been  used  by  the  same  author.  I.  therefore,  change  it  to  C.  spiua. 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA.  43 

and  carina  at  right  angles.  The  cariria  is  placed  immediately  below  the  middle  of  the 
whorls,  and,  in  some  specimens,  between  it  and  the  lower  suture  is  another  smaller  one. 
When  this  latter  is  not  present,  it  is  replaced  by  a  stria.  Between  the  carina  and  upper 
suture  there  are  generally  two  striaB,  which  vary  in  size.  Those  on  the  base  are  much 
smaller  than  those  on  the  whorls.  The  sutures  are  small  and  triangular. 

This  shell  is  unusually  short  and  thick  for  a  Cerithium,  and  its  effuse  mouth  has 
hardly  the  character  of  the  canal  of  that  genus. 

C.    DJ2DALEUM,    PL.  37.    FlG.  91. 

C.  testa  subulatd,  tenui,  imperforatd,  coslatd,  striatii;  spira  attenuata,  sub-ovald,  mamillatd,  ad  apicem  l<evi  et 
polita;  suluris  llnearibus,  parvis;  anfraclibus  septem,  planulatis;  costis  longitudinalibus,  crebris,  lavibus.  planulatis; 
striis  transversis,  crebris,  pnifundi.i;  ultimo  anfractu  rotundato;  base  striatd,  polita;  aperturd  arclatd,  sub-quadratd, 
superne  angulalii,  infcrnc  rffusd;  labro  aculo. 

Shell  subulate,  thin,  imperforate,  costate,  striate;  spire  attenuate,  sub-ovate,  mamillate,  smooth  and  polished  near 
the  apex;  sutures  small,  linear;  whorls  seven,  flattened;  striae  transverse,  numerous,  deep;  costce  longitudinal,  nume- 
rous, smooth,  flattened;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  striate,  polished,  mouth  narrow,  sub-quadrate;  angulate  above,  effuse 
below;  outer  lip  acute. 

Length  .15.  Breadth  .05  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  sculpture  of  this  shell  is  not  unlike  that  of  the  Pasithea  subula,  herein 
described. 

With  this  shell,  as  with  the  preceding,  I  feel  in  some  doubt  as  to  the  genus  to  which 
it  properly  belongs. 

C.  MONILIFERUM,  PL.  37.  FIG.  92. 

C.  testa  subulatd,  sinistrali,  crassd,  imperforatd,  costatd;  spira  attenuata,  cornea;  suluris  minimi's;  anfractibus 
decem,  plants;  costis  tribus,  transversis,  noduliferis,  duabus  extremis  magnis,  und  media  parviore ;  anfractu  ultimo 
rotundalo;  basi  costis  tribus,  l(Evibus,  transversis;  aperturd  elongato-quadratii;  columelld  Itsvi,  polita;  canale  profundo, 
brevi. 

Shell  subulate,  sinistral,  thick,  imperforate,  costate;  spire  attenuate,  conical;  sutures  very  small;  whorls  ten,  flat; 
costcc  three,  transverse,  noduliferous,  two  extreme  ones  large,  the  middle  one  smaller;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  with 
three  transverse,  smooth  ribs;  mouth  elongately  quadrate;  columella  smooth,  polished;  canal  deep,  short. 

Length  .22.  Breadth  .09  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  middle  costa  is  smaller  than  the  two  outer  ones;  it  gradually  decreases 
on  the  upper  whorls,  and  finally  becomes  obsolete  near  the  apex.  The  sutures  are  very 
small,  and  the  whorls  perfectly  flat,  so  that  it  is  difficult  to  determine  their  number. 

This  shell  approaches  the  C.  nigrocinctum,  Adams,  a  recent  species  from  our  coast, 
but  may  be  distinguished  by  its  greater  proportionate  length,  flatness  of  the  whorls,  and 
the  difference  between  the  size  of  the  ribs.  It  is  also  allied  to  the  C.  perversum,  another 
recent  shell,  but  it  is  much  smaller,  and  the  ribs  are  strictly  noduliferous,  while  in  the 
C.  perversum,  they  intersect  longitudinal  sulci.  The  three  smooth  basal  costa3  consti- 
tute another  character  peculiar,  1  believe,  to  this  shell. 

GENUS  PLEUROTOMA. 

P.  LUNATUM,  PL.  37.   FlG.  93. 

P.  testa  elongato-fusiformi,  crassd,  glabrd,  nitente,  imperforata,  coslald;  spira  attenuata,  mamillatd,  ad  apicem 
l<evi;  suturis  Jlexuosis,  minimis;  anfractibus  decem,  media  angulatis,  inferne  contexts  et  costatis,  superne  concavis  et 
L 


44  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 

tub-tuberculatis ;  costis  longitudinalibus,  tult-abliquit,  magnis,  rotundatit;  anfractu  ultimo  rolundato;  ban  ttriif 
parvit  longitudinalibus;  aperturd  arctato-ovald;  columelld  redd,  crassd,  politd,  superne  valde  incrassatd;  sino  pro- 
fundo,  lunato;  canale  brevi,  inciso. 

Shell  elongately  fusiform,  thick,  glabrous,  shining,  imperforate,  costate;  spire  attenuate,  mamillate.  smooth  at  the 
apex;  sutures  flexnose,  very  small;  whorls  ten,  angular  near  the  middle,  below  convex  and  costate,  above  concave 
and  subtuberculate;  costse  longitudinal,  somewhat  oblique,  large,  rounded;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  with  small  longi- 
tudinal striae;  mouth  narrowly  ovate;  colvunella  straight,  thick,  polished,  very  much  incrassated  above;  sinus  deep, 
crescent-shaped:  canal  short,  incised. 

Length  1.60.  Breadth  .50  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  upper  concave  part  of  the  whorls,  near  the  suture,  has  a  series  of  indis- 
tinct tubercles,  generally  large  and  but  very  little  elevated.  The  costse  end  a  little  below 
the  middle  of  the  last  whorl,  and  the  base  is  smooth,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  longi- 
tudinal raised  lines,  and  an  indistinct  oblique  stria,  which  marks  the  growth  of  the  canal. 
Behind  the  columella  is  a  small  groove,  caused  by  its  elevation  above  the  neighbouring 
surface.  The  incrassation  at  the  upper  extremity  of  the  columella  forms  a  large  callus, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  sinus,  and  almost  fills  it  up.  This  gives  it  its  peculiar  lunate  ap- 
pearance. There  is,  properly  speaking,  no  canal.  The  base  of  the  mouth  is  deeply 
incised,  as  in  the  genus  Oliva,  without  cutting  off  the  end  of  the  columella  as  is  usual  in 
this  class  of  shells. 

This  beautiful  species  agrees  pretty  well  with  the  description  and  figure  of  P.  limatula, 
Conrad,  (Journal  of  the  Academy,  Vol.  VI.)  but  is  larger,  tuberculate  near  the  suture, 
and  has  the  ribs  more  strongly  developed.  In  addition  to  this,  Mr.  Conrad  makes  no 
mention  of  the  peculiar  lunate  sinus  which  characterizes  the  shell  now  before  us. 

GENUS  FASCIOLARIA. 
F.  PARVULA,  PL.  37.  FIG.  94. 

F.  testa  fusiformi,  crassd,  imperforatd,  nitente,  sulcatd,  slriatd;  spird  elevatd,  obtusd,  ad  apicem  Itevi;  suluris  pro- 
fundis,  arctalis;  anfractibus  septem,  sub-convexis;  sulcis  longitudinalibus,  magnis,  crebris;  striis  transuersis,  parvis, 
raris;  anfractu  ultimo  rotundato;  basi  profunde  striald;  aperturd  longd,  arctatd,  supra  acute  angulatd;  columelld  mul- 
tiplicatd,  canale  longo,  profundo,  sub-curvato. 

Shell  fusiform,  thick,  imperforate,  shining,  sulcate,  striate;  spire  elevated,  obtuse,  smooth  near  the  apex;  sutures 
deep,  narrow;  whorls  seven,  somewhat  convex;  sulci  longitudinal,  large,  numerous;  stria;  transverse,  small,  few;  last 
whorl  rounded;  base  deeply  striate;  mouth  long,  narrow,  acutely  angular  above;  columella  with  many  folds;  canal 
long,  deep,  slightly  curved. 

Length  .20.  Breadth  .08  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — On  the  superior  whorls  there  are  three  small  transverse  striate  near  the 
upper  suture,  which  cross  the  sulcations.  The  one  nearest  the  suture  is  the  largest  and 
deepest.  On  the  last  whorl  the  sulcations  end  about  the  middle,  and  then,  after  a  narrow 
interval,  commence  deep  transverse  stria?  which  increase  as  they  approach  the  base  The 
folds  on  the  columella  are  but  continuations  of  these  striae.  The  aperture  is  very  narrow 
and  somewhat  sinuous,  gradually  decreasing  to  the  canal.  The  sutures  are  quite  narrow 
and  deep. 

GENUS  FUSUS. 
F.  PYGM^IUS,  PL.  37.  FTG.  95. 

F.  testa  ovatd,  sub-fusiformi,  crassd,  leevi,  politd;  spird  ovatd,  valde  obtusd.  breviusculd;  suturis  linearibus;  anfrac- 
tibus r/iiatuor,  planulatis;  anfractu  ultimo  rotundato;  basi  leevi;  aperturd  sinuosd,  arctatd;  columflld  angulalfi;  canale 
(or/o,  longo. 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA.  45 

Shell  ovate,  somewhat  fusiform,  thick,  smooth,  polished;  spire  ovate,  very  obtuse,  rather  short;  sutures  linear; 
whorls  four,  flattened;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  smooth;  mouth  sinuose,  narrow;  columella  angled;  canal  long, 
twisted. 

Length  .08.  Breadth  .05  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — This  minute  species  is  remarkably  ovate.  The  canal  is  very  long,  and 
bent  at  several  places.  The  apex  is  obtuse  and  sub-mamillate. 

This  shell,  most  probably,  attains  a  greater  size  than  that  mentioned  above,  as  the 
only  specimen  in  my  possession,  bears  evident  marks  of  having  had  part  of  the  last 
whorl  broken  off.  This  may  also  have  given  it  its  peculiar  twisted  canal. 

F.  ANOMALUS,  PL.  37.  FIG.  96. 

F.  lesta  ovata,  sub-fusiformi,  perforatd,  tenui,  lavi,  politd;  spird  sub-ovald,  elevatd,  acutd;  suturis  excavatis,  latis; 
anfractibus  quinque,  convexis;  anfraclu  ultima  rotundato;  basi  l<evi;  perforatione  parvd,  arcla;  aperlurd  sub-ellipticd; 
columella  brevi,  torlu;  canals  longo,  minime  profundo,  sinistrorsim  reflecto. 

Shell  ovate,  sub-fusiform,  perforate,  thin,  smooth,  polished;  spire  sub-ovate,  elevated,  acute;  sutures  excavated, 
wide;  whorls  five,  convex;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  smooth;  perforation  small,  narrow;  mouth  sub-elliptical;  colu- 
mella short,  twisted;  canal  long,  very  shallow,  bent  backwards  towards  the  left. 

Length  .18.  Breadth  .10  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — There  is  a  small  canaliculation  on  the  whorls  near  the  upper  part,  which 
makes  the  sutures  quite  wide  and  deep.  The  umbilicus  is  very  narrow,  and  almost 
hidden  behind  the  columella.  The  canal  is  very  peculiar,  being  folded  round  the  base 
of  the  columella,  until  it  extends  nearly  a  third  round  the  shell.  There  are  faint  traces 
of  transverse  stria?  to  be  seen  on  some  parts  of  the  whorls. 

It  is  not  without  some  hesitation  that  I  place  this  shell  among  the  Fusi.  It  has  not 
the  straight  deep  canal  which  usually  characterizes  that  genus,  but  in  other  respects  it 
approaches  it  more  nearly  than  any  other.  It  may,  perhaps,  prove  the  type  of  a  new 
genus. 

FAMILY  PURPURID.E. 

GENUS   BUCCINUM. 
B.  TUOMEYI,  PL.  37.  FIG.  97. 

D.  testa  ovalo-fusiformi,  crassd,  imperforatd,  striatd;  spird  elevatd.  scalarfformi ;  suturis  impressis,  profundis;  an- 

fraclilus ,  sub-convexis,ad  suluram  superiorem  angulatis;  slriis  transversis,  duplicates,  parvis,  crebris;  anfraclu 

ultimo  rolundato,  infernc  striis  magnis  el  parvis  alternantibus ;  basi  longitudinaliter  sulcatd;  aperlurd  quadran- 
gulari;  canale  longo,  retorto;  columella  Jlexuosa,  infernc  plied  magnd  und. 

Shell  ovately  fusiform,  thick,  imperforate,  striate;  spire  elevated,  scalariform;  sutures  impressed,  deep;  whorls , 

somewhat  convex,  angulate  at  the  upper  suture;  striae  transverse,  double,  numerous,  small;  last  whorl  rounded,  with 
large  and  small  alternating  stria;  below;  base  longitudinally  sulcate;  mouth  quadrangular;  canal  long,  retorted;  colu- 
mella flexuose,  with  one  large  fold  below. 

Length .  Breadth  1.40  inches. 

Remarks. — On  the  upper  part  of  the  last  whorl  the  stria?  are  in  pairs  with  a  minute 
impressed  line  between  them  having  the  appearance  of  double  stria?.  These,  as  they 
approach  the  base,  pass  gradually  into  alternating  ones.  The  base,  immediately  behind 
the  lower  part  of  the  columella,  is  marked  with  deep,  somewhat  semicircular,  sulcations 
pointing  the  successive  growth  of  the  canal.  The  upper  part  of  the  columella  is  marked 


46  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS 

by  faint  continuations  of  the  striae,  not  entirely  obliterated  by  a  thin  deposite  of  callus. 
The  canal  is  longer  than  is  usual  with  the  Buccina,  and  is  bent  somewhat  backwards. 
The  columella  is  much  twisted.  Close  to  the  upper  suture  the  whorls  are  bent,  first  at  a 
right  angle,  and  then  downwards,  descending  gradually  to  the  suture.  Near  the  middle 
of  the  whorl,  the  strife  are  faintest.  As  my  only  specimen  is  quite  imperfect,  I  am 
unable  to  give  the  length  or  number  of  whorls;  of  these  latter,  portions  of  three  remain, 
and  there  have  probably  been  three  or  four  more. 

This  fine  shell  is  the  largest  of  our  fossil  Buccina.  Judging  from  description,  it  may 
bear  a  distant  resemblance  to  the  B.  multirugatum,  Conrad,  but  it  differs  in  its  straight 
striae,  size,  want  of  an  umbilicus,  &c.  It  is  quite  rare.  Mr.  Tuomey  whose  name  I 
have  great  pleasure  in  affixing  to  it,  tells  me  that  he  has  met  with  but  two  specimens  of 
it,  both  imperfect. 

B.  PUSILLUM,  PL.  37.  FIG.  98. 

B.  testa  ovatd,  sub-conicd,  crassd,  sub-perforata,  Itevi;  spird  ovatd,  brevi.  obtusu;  suturis  parvis,  linear/bus;  anfrac- 
tibus  quinque,  sub-convexis ;  anfraclu  ultimo  rolundato;  basi  l<evi;  perforatione  minimi!;  aperturd  ovatd;  columellu 
recta. 

Shell  ovate,  somewhat  conical,  thick,  sub-perforate,  smooth;  spire  ovate,  short,  obtuse;  sutures  small,  linear;  whorls 
five,  slightly  convex;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  smooth;  perforation  very  small;  mouth  ovate;  columella  straight. 

Length  .08.  Breadth  .04  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — This  little  shell  bears  a  strong  affinity  to  the  recent  B.  lunatum,  Say,  but 
it  is  less  ovate,  and  hardly  a  fifth  the  size  of  that  shell. 

B.  FRUMENTUM,  PL.  37.  FIG.  99. 

B.  testa  ovato-fusiformi,  acumlnatd,  crassd,  perforatd,  l<evi;  spird  cornea,  elevatd,  obtusd;  suturis  parvis,  linearibus; 
anfractibus  quinque,  convexis;  anfraclu  ultimo  rolundato.  prope  aperturam  sub-undulato ;  basi  Itevi;  perforatione 
parvd;  aperturd  acuminate  ovatd;  canale  brevi,  obliguo;  columella  tortd. 

Shell  ovately  fusiform,  acuminate,  thick,  perforate,  smooth;  spire  conical,  elevated,  obtuse;  sutures  small,  linear: 
•whorls  five,  convex;  last  whorl  rounded,  slightly  undulate  near  the  mouth;  base  smooth;  perforation  small;  mouth 
acuminate-ovate;  canal  short,  oblique;  columella  twisted. 

Length  .15.  Breadth  .10  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  undulations  on  the  last  whorl  near  the  aperture  are  scarcely  visible, 
and  may  be  accidental. 

This  little  shell  has  no  very  peculiar  characteristics,  but  I  cannot  refer  it  to  any 
described  species. 

B.  QUADRULATUM,  PL.  37.  FlG.  100. 

B.  testa  ovato-conicd,  crassd,  imperforata,  sulcatd,  costatd;  spird  cornea,  sub-elevatd,  obtusd,  prope  apiccm  lavi  et  politd; 
suturis  parvis,  fiexuosis;  anfractibus  sex,  valde  convexis,  prope  suturam  superiorem  pene  lavibus;  sulcis  longitudinalibus,  latis. 
profundis;  costis  transversis,  parvis,  quadrangularibus,  planulatis;  anfractu  tdtimo  rotundato;  basi  costatd;  aperturd  penc 
ellipticd;  columella  curvatd,  truncatd,  inferne  plica  parvd;  canale  obliquo. 

Shell  ovately  conical,  thick,  imperforate,  sulcate,  costate;  spire  conical,  somewhat  elevated,  obtuse,  smooth  and 
polished  near  the  apex ;  sutures  small,  flexuose ;  whorls  six,  very  convex,  nearly  smooth  at  the  upper  suture ;  sulci 
longitudinal,  wide,  deep;  costs  transverse,  small,  quadrangular,  flattened;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  costate;  mouth 
nearly  elliptical;  columella  curved,  truncate,  with  a  small  fold  below;  canal  oblique. 

Length  .20.  Breadth  .12  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  sulcations  are  unusually  wide  and  close  together,  rendering  the  ele- 
vations between  them  acute.    The  ribs  are  four  in  number  on  the  upper  whorls,  be- 


FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA.  47 

sides  a  smaller  one  near  the  superior  suture.  They  are  perfectly  quadrangular,  having 
perpendicular  sides  and  a  flat  top.  When  they  cross  the  sulcations,  they  appear  slightly 
nodulous.  The  spaces  between  them  are  about  equal  to  them  in  width.  Those  on  the 
base  are  closer  and  more  acute.  About  three  whorls  of  the  apex  are  perfectly  smooth. 

This  little  species  can  be  readily  distinguished  from  its  congeners  by  the  peculiar 
shape  of  its  transverse  ribs. 

GENUS   NASSA. 
N.  IMPRESSA,  PL.  37.  FIG.  101. 

N.  testa  elongato-ovatd,  crassd,  imperforatd,  costatd,  striatd;  spird  attenuatd,  cornea,  obtusd,  prope  apicem  Itevi  et  politd; 
suturis  impresses,  flexuosis;  anfractibus  septcm,  convexis,  ail  suturam  superiorem  angulatis;  costis  longitudinalibus,  latis,  ro- 
tundatis;  striis  transversis,  parvis,  flexuosis;  anfractu  ultimo  rotundato;  basi  striatd;  aperturd  sub-ellipticd;  canak  brevi, 
obliquo;  labro  intus  minute  dentato. 

Shell  elongately  ovate,  thick,  imperforate,  costate,  striate;  spire  attenuate,  conical,  obtuse,  smooth  and  polished 
near  the  apex;  sutures  impressed,  flexuose;  whorls  seven,  convex,  angular  near  the  upper  suture;  costse  longitudinal, 
wide,  rounded;  stria;  transverse,  flexuose,  small;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  striate;  mouth  sub-elliptical;  canal  short, 
oblique;  outer  lip  minutely  dentate  within. 

Length  .20.  Breadth  .11  of  an  inch. 

Remarks.— The  transverse  strise  are  small  and  abrupt;  they  cross  the  ribs.  There  is 
one  rather  deeper  than  the  rest  on  the  angle  of  the  whorls,  above  this  is  a  very  small  one, 
and  between  this  and  the  suture  the  surface  is  smooth.  The  costae  are  very  large  and 
wide,  generally  rounded,  but  occasionally  somewhat  angular.  The  three  first  whorls  of 
the  spire  are  smooth.  There  are  two  or  three  teeth  of  various  sizes  on  the  inside  of  the 
outer  lip. 

This  little  shell  differs  in  various  respects  from  all  of  our  other  species  of  Nassa.  It 
is  more  elevated  than  is  usual  with  the  genus.  The  strise  are  fewer  and  the  costas  larger 
than  in  the  recent  N.  alba,  Say,  to  which,  in  sculpture,  it  bears  some  resemblance. 


FAMILY  COLUMELLID^E. 

GENUS  MARGINELLA. 
M.  CONULUS,  PL.  37.  FIG.  102. 

M.  testa  obovatd,  conoidali,  crassd,  lavi,  politd;  spird  conicd,  obtusd;  suturis  sub-obsoletis;  anfractibus  tribus,  planis;  an- 
fractu ultimo  rotundato;  basi  lavi;  aperturd,  longd,  arctalissima;  columdld  inferne  plicis  tribus;  labro  incrassato,  rotundato, 
levi. 

Shell  obovate,  conoidal,  thick,  smooth,  polished;  spire  conical,  obtuse;  sutures  nearly  obsolete;  whorls  three,  flat; 
last  whorl  rounded;  base  smooth;  mouth  long,  very  narrow;  columella  with  three  folds  near  the  base;  outer  lip  thick- 
ened, rounded,  smooth. 

Length  .12.  Breadth  .08  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  whorls  of  the  spire  are  very  small,  and  the  sutures  almost  obliterated, 
so  that  they  can  scarcely  be  seen  except  on  a  perpendicular  view.  The  folds  on  the 
columella  are  very  near  the  base,  and  quite  small.  The  shape  of  the  mouth  is  almost 
linear. 

This  shell  is  more  nearly  allied  to  the  M.  incurva,  Lea,  than  to  any  other,  but  differs 
in  the  number  of  the  folds  on  the  columella,  and  the  incrassation  of  the  outer  lip. 
M 


48  NEW  FOSSIL  SHELLS  FROM  THE  TERTIARY  OF  VIRGINIA. 

M.  EXILIS,  PL.  37.  FIG.  103. 

M.  testa  acunrinato-ellipticti,  compressd,  teimi,  Icevi,  politd;  spird  attenuatd,  obtitsii,  oi-ata;  stiti'ris  obsoletis;  anfractibus- , 

plants;  anfractu  ultimo  rotundato;  basi  Itevi,  acuminatd;  aperturd  angusta,  ovatd;  coliimclld  plicis  quatuor;  labro  acuto,  intus 
costd  longitudinal!. 

Shell  acurainately  elliptical,  compressed,  thin,  smooth,  polished;  spire  attenuate,  ovate,  obtuse;  sutures  obsolete; 

whorls  ,  flat;  last  whorl  rounded;  base  smooth,  acuminate;  mouth  narrow,  ovate;  columella  with  four  folds; 

outer  lip  acute,  with  a  longitudinal  costa  within. 

Length  .18.  Breadth  .10  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  spire  is  covered  with  a  smooth  porcelain-like  deposite,  which  oblite- 
rates the  sutures,  and  renders  it  impossible  to  determine  the  number  of  whorls.  The 
most  peculiar  character  about  this  shell  is  the  internal  rib,  near  the  edge  of  the  outer  lip. 

FAMILY  CONVOLUTION. 

GENUS  OLIVA. 

O.    CANALICULATA,    PL.  37.    FlG.   104. 

O.  testa  cylindraced,  crassd,  Icevi,  nitidd;  spird  exsertd,  obtusd,  scalariformi;  anfractibiis  quinque,  angulatis.  prope  sitttiram 
inferiorem  incrassatis;  suturis  valde  profundis,  latis,  canaliculatis;  basi  acuminatd,  striis  raris,  pan-is,  transversis;  aperturd 
lineari,  supcrne  valde  incisd,  inferne  emarginatd;  columella  multiplicatd;  labro  acuto. 

Shell  cylindrical,  thick,  smooth,  shining;  spire  exserted,  obtuse,  scalariform ;  whorls  five,  angular,  incrassated  near 
the  lower  suture;  sutures  very  deep,  wide,  canaliculate;  base  acuminate,  with  a  few  small  transverse  stride;  mouth 
linear,  deeply  incised  above,  emarginate  below;  columella  with  many  folds;  outer  lip  acute. 

Length  1.60.  Breadth  .70  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — The  line  of  incrassation  on  the  lower  part  of  the  whorls,  is  wanting  on  the 
last  one.  To  those  of  the  spire,  it  gives  a  peculiar  bnllate  appearance.  The  sutures  are 
larger  and  deeper  than  in  any  other  of  the  genus.  The  outer  lip  is  attached  to  the  body 
of  the  shell  only  by  a  small  transverse  plate,  near  its  upper  extremity,  which  causes  the 
peculiar  suture.  This  plate  does  not  extend  to  the  edge  of  the  lip. 

There  is  a  specimen  of  this  shell,  without  a  name,  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia.  I  am  surprised  that  it  has  not  been  heretofore  de- 
scribed, as  it  is  a  remarkable  shell  and  by  no  means  rare.  It  has  hitherto,  I  believe, 
been  confounded  with  one  of  our  recent  species,  which  it  distantly  resembles. 

O.    ANC1LLARLEFORMIS,    PL.  37.    FlG.  105. 

0.  testa  ovato-cylindraced,  tenui,  Itevi,  politd;  spird  subulatd;  suturis  canaliculatis;  anfractibus .  plants;  anfractu  ultimo 

rotundato;  basi  Itevi;  aperturd  sub-triangulari,  effusd,  minime  incisd;  columella  striis  nullii,  inferne  varice  parvo;  labro  acuto. 

Shell  ovate-cylindrical,  thin,  smooth,  polished ;  spire  subulate;  sutures  canaliculate;  whorls ,  flat;  last  whorl 

rounded;  base  smooth;  mouth  sub-triangular,  effuse,  very  slightly  incised ;  columella  with  no  striae,  a  small  varix 
below;  outer  lip  acute. 

Length  .25.  Breadth  .10  of  an  inch. 

Remarks. — On  one  of  my  specimens  there  is  a  deep  narrow  groove  immediately  below 
the  upper  suture.  As  it  exists  only  on  this  specimen,  and  there  but  at  intervals,  I  sup- 
pose it  to  be  merely  a  fortuitous  character.  The  mouth  is  acutely  angular  above  and 
wide  below. 

The  peculiar  conformation  of  the  columella  and  base  of  the  mouth  seem  to  place  this 
shell  among  the  Ancillarise,  but  its  sutures  and  naked  spire  separate  it  from  that  genus. 


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